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531.
532.
Nordqvist Y Nilsson U Colmsjo A Dahl A Gudmundsson A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(5):469-474
A denuder/filter system constructed for solvent-free personal exposure measurements was evaluated for separation of vapour and particulate 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI) generated from heated PUR-foam. The two different phases were collected in the denuder and on the filter, respectively, by chemosorption on a polydimethylsiloxane (SE-30)-dibutylamine (DBA) stationary phase. Both repeatability and the total mass concentration of 4,4'-MDI were similar to that obtained from the reference method, in this case an impinger/filter system. The penetration of particles through the denuder at 300 ml min(-1) was nearly 100% in the particle size range 25 to 700 nm, which fits well with the Gormley-Kennedy equation. Denuder/filter sampling of the 4,4'-MDI aerosol at 500 ml min(-1) yielded a phase distribution that was in accordance with the results from the reference method. The method limit of detection was 6 ng m(-3) and 4 ng m(-3) for the denuder and filter, respectively, when using an air sampling flow rate of 300 ml min(-1) and a sampling period of 15 min. This is well below the Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 50 and 100 microg m(-3) for an 8-hour working day and a 5-min period, respectively. 相似文献
533.
534.
Helmut Lorbeer Sophie Starke Misri Gozan Andreas Tiehm Peter Werner 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(3):183-193
During the past decade, various promising technologies have been developed for the decontamination of groundwater insitu which do not require long-term pumping or high energy consumption. One approach is to use funnel and gate technology. In the case described here, the combination of adsorption of contaminants on granular activated carbon (GAC) and its biodegradation is applied to considerably extend the operating time of the filling material in the barrier system. Monochlorobenzene (MCB), a recalcitrant groundwater contaminant under anaerobic conditions, undergoes high-capacity adsorption on GAC up to about 450 mg per gram. Aerobic enrichment cultures, obtained from a contaminated aquifer, were able to mineralize initially adsorbed MCB. In respirometer experiments the rate of carbon dioxide formation was dependent on the equilibrium concentration of MCB. The oxygen consumption of activated carbon by means of autoxidative reactions may delay aerobic biodegradation in GAC filters. The oxygen uptake of pristine activated carbon amounted to 5.6 mg per gram GAC in laboratory column experiments. When GAC was pre-loaded with MCB, autoxidation rates were considerably reduced. Hence, it is advisable not to stimulate the biodegradation of MCB by oxygen supply in GAC biobarriers until after an initial period of solely sorptive MCB removal from the groundwater flow. 相似文献
535.
Anja Soboll Michael Elbers Roland Barthel Juergen Schmude Andreas Ernst Ralf Ziller 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(4):477-498
Within climate change impact research, the consideration of socioeconomic processes remains a challenge. Socioeconomic systems
must be equipped to react and adapt to global change. However, any reasonable development or assessment of sustainable adaptation
strategies requires a comprehensive consideration of human-environment interactions. This requirement can be met through multi-agent
simulation, as demonstrated in the interdisciplinary project GLOWA-Danube (GLObal change of the WAter Cycle; ). GLOWA-Danube has developed an integrated decision support tool for water and land use management in the Upper Danube catchment
(parts of Germany and Austria, 77,000 km2). The scientific disciplines invoked in the project have implemented sixteen natural and social science models, which are
embedded in the simulation framework DANUBIA. Within DANUBIA, a multi-agent simulation approach is used to represent relevant
socioeconomic processes. The structure and results of three of these multi-agent models, WaterSupply, Household and Tourism,
are presented in this paper. A main focus of the paper is on the development of global change scenarios (climate and society)
and their application to the presented models. The results of different simulation runs demonstrate the potential of multi-agent
models to represent feedbacks between different water users and the environment. Moreover, the interactive usage of the framework
allows to define and vary scenario assumptions so as to assess the impact of potential interventions. It is shown that integrated
modelling and scenario design not only provide valuable information, but also offer a platform for discussing complex human-environment-interactions
with stakeholders. 相似文献
536.
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538.
Kathrin B. Labrosse Johanna Buechel Huelya Guelmez Annkathrin Butenschoen Heidrun Schoenberger Eva Visca Andreas Schoetzau Gwendolin Manegold-Brauer 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(7):910-918
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the value of the sonographic measurements of the choroid plexus and the lateral ventricles at 11–14 gestational weeks in fetuses that had the diagnosis of second-trimester ventriculomegaly (VM) as a clinical reference.Methods
The standard axial plane used for biparietal diameter measurement from 2D stored images in the first trimester was used to calculate the ratio between the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle diameter (PDVDR), the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle length (PLVLR) and the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle area (PAVAR) in 100 normal and 15 fetuses diagnosed with second-trimester VM.Results
In fetuses with VM, the measurements of PDVDR, PLVLR and PAVAR were all significantly smaller compared to normal fetuses (p = < 0.001, <0.001, <0.01). Four out of seven cases with mild VM had measurements below the 5th percentile (57%). 75% of cases with moderate or severe VM had at least one measurement below the 5th percentile.Conclusions
Since the axial plane of the fetal head is obtained in all first-trimester routine screenings, the measurements of PDVDR, PLVLR and PAVAR could easily be integrated into routine examinations for an early detection of VM. 相似文献539.
Christian Sens Petra Scheidemann Andreas Klunk Dietrich Werner 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1998,5(4):202-208
14C-TNT was used to quantify the uptake rate and metabolic turnover of TNT inPhaseolus vulgaris. Seventeen plants were analysed by a special cell fractionation method with polar and nonpolar solvents and enzymes. We obtained
three cytoplasmic fractions and five cell wall derived fractions. The recovery rate was 72% as measured by liquid scintillation
counting.14C partitioned almost in equal amounts with approximately 50% in the cytoplasm and in the cell wall. The majority of the TNT-metabolites
are present in the cytoplasm as was shown by GC/ ECD and thin layer chromatography. The14C in the cell wall is bound probably resulting in long-term immobilisation of these metabolites. We conclude that plants may
also be a model for nitroaromatic turnover and immobilisation in soil components. 相似文献
540.
Andreas P. Modlmeier Nicole J. Forrester Jonathan N. Pruitt 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2014,68(12):1965-1972
Studying the environmental factors that guide the emergence of collective behaviors is instrumental to understanding the ecology and evolution of animal societies. Although recent work has provided insights into the demographic factors that influence inter-colony variation in collective behavior (i.e., colony-level personality or collective personality), relatively few studies have investigated how the physical environment (e.g., habitat structure) affects colony-level personality. Here, we study the emergence of collective personality in prey capture behavior in the social spider, Stegodyphus dumicola. We measured collective prey capture behavior four times over 36 days in a classic repeated measures design. We used four different artificial habitat (web support) structures in three different treatments: habitat structure was either (1) fixed and undisturbed, (2) disturbed with a complete removal of webbing between each measurement, or (3) disturbed with changes of habitat structure between each measurement. Our results revealed that repeatability in colony-level personality was retained as long as habitat structure was not altered. However, the repeatability of colony-level personality declined precipitously when groups were forced to build their webs on novel habitat structures. Furthermore, habitat structure affected collective capture behavior, that is, latency to attack and the number of attackers differed among colonies on different habitat structures. Collectively, our data demonstrate that habitat structure is instrumental in shaping both the mean and repeatability of the collective behavior of colonies and may influence overall foraging success. 相似文献