全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2801篇 |
免费 | 69篇 |
国内免费 | 25篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 107篇 |
废物处理 | 118篇 |
环保管理 | 590篇 |
综合类 | 245篇 |
基础理论 | 847篇 |
环境理论 | 5篇 |
污染及防治 | 614篇 |
评价与监测 | 189篇 |
社会与环境 | 150篇 |
灾害及防治 | 30篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 33篇 |
2021年 | 42篇 |
2020年 | 39篇 |
2019年 | 41篇 |
2018年 | 63篇 |
2017年 | 60篇 |
2016年 | 95篇 |
2015年 | 80篇 |
2014年 | 82篇 |
2013年 | 253篇 |
2012年 | 104篇 |
2011年 | 187篇 |
2010年 | 116篇 |
2009年 | 144篇 |
2008年 | 157篇 |
2007年 | 162篇 |
2006年 | 131篇 |
2005年 | 106篇 |
2004年 | 92篇 |
2003年 | 94篇 |
2002年 | 78篇 |
2001年 | 54篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 45篇 |
1998年 | 33篇 |
1997年 | 34篇 |
1996年 | 38篇 |
1995年 | 46篇 |
1994年 | 37篇 |
1993年 | 33篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 33篇 |
1990年 | 23篇 |
1989年 | 22篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 28篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有2895条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
251.
252.
V. A. Romanenkov J. U. Smith P. Smith O. D. Sirotenko D. I. Rukhovitch I. A. Romanenko 《Regional Environmental Change》2007,7(2):93-104
The Model of Humus Balance was used to estimate the influence of climate effects and changing agricultural practices on carbon
(C) levels in soddy–podzolic soils in the Russian Federation for the years 2000–2050. The model was linked with a spatial
database containing soil, climate and farming management layers for identification of spatial change of C sequestration potential.
Analysis of relationships between C, soil texture and climate indicated that compared with a business-as-usual scenario, adaptation
measures could increase the number of polygons storing soil organic carbon (SOC) by 2010–2020. The rate of possible C loss
is sensitive to the different climate scenarios, with a maximum potential for SOC accumulation expected in 2030–2040, thereafter
decreasing to 2050. The effect is most pronounced for the arid part of the study area under the emission scenario with the
highest rate of increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, supporting findings from the dynamic SOC model, RothC. C sequestration during the study period was permanent
for clay and clay loam soils with a C content of more than 2%, suggesting that C sequestration should be focused on highly
fertile, fine-textured soils. We also show that spatial heterogeneity of soil texture can be a source of uncertainty for estimates
of SOC dynamics at the regional scale.
Figures in color are available at 相似文献
253.
Richard B. Alexander Elizabeth W. Boyer Richard A. Smith Gregory E. Schwarz Richard B. Moore 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(1):41-59
Abstract: Knowledge of headwater influences on the water‐quality and flow conditions of downstream waters is essential to water‐resource management at all governmental levels; this includes recent court decisions on the jurisdiction of the Federal Clean Water Act (CWA) over upland areas that contribute to larger downstream water bodies. We review current watershed research and use a water‐quality model to investigate headwater influences on downstream receiving waters. Our evaluations demonstrate the intrinsic connections of headwaters to landscape processes and downstream waters through their influence on the supply, transport, and fate of water and solutes in watersheds. Hydrological processes in headwater catchments control the recharge of subsurface water stores, flow paths, and residence times of water throughout landscapes. The dynamic coupling of hydrological and biogeochemical processes in upland streams further controls the chemical form, timing, and longitudinal distances of solute transport to downstream waters. We apply the spatially explicit, mass‐balance watershed model SPARROW to consider transport and transformations of water and nutrients throughout stream networks in the northeastern United States. We simulate fluxes of nitrogen, a primary nutrient that is a water‐quality concern for acidification of streams and lakes and eutrophication of coastal waters, and refine the model structure to include literature observations of nitrogen removal in streams and lakes. We quantify nitrogen transport from headwaters to downstream navigable waters, where headwaters are defined within the model as first‐order, perennial streams that include flow and nitrogen contributions from smaller, intermittent and ephemeral streams. We find that first‐order headwaters contribute approximately 70% of the mean‐annual water volume and 65% of the nitrogen flux in second‐order streams. Their contributions to mean water volume and nitrogen flux decline only marginally to about 55% and 40% in fourth‐ and higher‐order rivers that include navigable waters and their tributaries. These results underscore the profound influence that headwater areas have on shaping downstream water quantity and water quality. The results have relevance to water‐resource management and regulatory decisions and potentially broaden understanding of the spatial extent of Federal CWA jurisdiction in U.S. waters. 相似文献
254.
Corals are the primary reef-building organisms, therefore it is key to understand their recruitment patterns for effective reef management. Coral recruitment rates and juvenile coral abundance were recorded in the Wakatobi National Marine Park, Indonesia, on two reefs (Sampela and Hoga) with different levels of environmental degradation (12.5 vs. 44 % coral cover with high and low sedimentation rates, respectively) to examine consistencies in recruitment patterns between years and seasons. Recruitment was measured on multiple panels at two sites on each reef (6–7 m depth) and cleared areas of natural reef. Although coral recruitment was twofold higher in 2008–2009 than in 2007–2008, and seasonal differences were identified, consistent significant differences in recruitment rates were found between the two reefs even though they are separated by only ~1.5 km. Recruitment rates and juvenile abundance were lower on the more degraded reef. These patterns are likely a consequence of differential pre- and post-settlement mortality as a result of the high sedimentation rates and degraded conditions and possibly reduced larval supply. 相似文献
255.
We conducted playback experiments to examine how parent tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) use nestling begging calls to distribute feedings to individuals within broods. In a first study, we used a paired-choice
test to determine if parents discriminated between the taped begging calls of nestlings deprived of food and those of nestlings
that had been recently fed. Our results showed that parents directed their first feeding attempt towards model nestlings near
speakers playing deprived calls significantly more often than to models near speakers playing fed calls. They also made more
feeding attempts overall to models with deprived calls. In the second study, we varied call rate and amplitude to examine
which call features parents might use to discriminate begging calls. Parents directed significantly more first feeding attempts
and more feeding attempts overall towards non-begging nestlings near speakers playing high call rates than to nestlings near
speakers playing low call rates. They did not, however, discriminate between calls differing in amplitude. Previous studies
have shown that parent birds use begging calls to regulate overall feeding rates to the brood. Our results suggest that parent
tree swallows also use begging calls when feeding individual nestlings and, in particular, prefer calls associated with increased
levels of nestling hunger.
Received: 14 February 2000 / Revised: 6 October 2000 / Accepted: 16 October 2000 相似文献
256.
257.
258.
NELUP was a five-year academic research project into interdisciplinary river catchment modelling. The experience of staff involved offers useful insights into the intellectual and practical problems associated with interdisciplinary catchment management research and the dissemination and acceptance of results. In particular, it is suggested that: entrenched academic territories, derived from disciplinary and data differences, make managing an interdisciplinary team of researchers a non-trivial task; data errors, model complexity and model generality masked by a seductively sophisticated-looking DSS risk an illusion of technique; and that acceptance of decision support is hindered by practitionersand policy makers' suspicion of potential automated decision making by default. 相似文献
259.
260.
The UK is reportedly an international leader in the application of environmental policy appraisal (EPA). From the late 1980s until 2004, UK central government sought to produce ex ante assessments of the potential environmental impacts of different policy options. Critics maintain that EPA had a very limited impact on policy-making activities in Whitehall departments. However, the empirical basis for these claims is surprisingly thin. This paper seeks to better understand what facilitated or retarded EPA by looking at its use in Whitehall, with the aim being to draw lessons for the UK's new and more integrated appraisal regime, as well as similar systems in the European Union. The paper finds that the implementation of EPA was both weak and highly sectorised, and that there is an underlying resistance to policy appraisal per se in Whitehall. These weaknesses urgently need to be addressed otherwise new systems of integrated appraisal will not deliver what is expected of them. 相似文献