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51.
Artificially roughened solar air heater has been topic in research for the last 30 years. Prediction of heat transfer and fluid flow processes of an artificially roughened solar air heater can be obtained by three approaches: theoretical, experimental, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This article provides a comprehensive review of the published literature on the investigations of artificially roughened solar air heater. In the present article, an attempt has been made to present holistic view of various roughness geometries used for creating artificial roughness in solar air heater for heat transfer enhancement. This extensive review reveals that quite a lot of work has been reported on design of artificially roughened solar air heater by experimental approach but only a few studies have been done by theoretical and CFD approaches. Finally this article presents a comparative study of thermo-hydraulic performance of 21 different types of artificial roughness geometries attached on the absorber plate of solar air heater in terms of thermo-hydraulic performance parameter. Heat transfer and friction factor correlations developed by various investigators for different types of artificially roughened solar air heaters have also been reported in this article. 相似文献
52.
Bibhash C. Verma Siba Prasad Datta Raj K. Rattan Anil K. Singh 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,171(1-4):579-593
Soil organic matter not only affects sustainability of agricultural ecosystems, but also extremely important in maintaining overall quality of environment as soil contains a significant part of global carbon stock. Hence, we attempted to assess the influence of different tillage and nutrient management practices on various stabilized and active soil organic carbon pools, and their contribution to the extractable nitrogen phosphorus and sulfur. Our study confined to the assessment of impact of agricultural management practices on the soil organic carbon pools and extractable nutrients under three important cropping systems, viz. soybean–wheat, maize–wheat, and rice–wheat. Results indicated that there was marginal improvement in Walkley and Black content in soil under integrated and organic nutrient management treatments in soybean–wheat, maize–wheat, and rice–wheat after completion of four cropping cycles. Improvement in stabilized pools of soil organic carbon (SOC) was not proportional to the applied amount of organic manures. While, labile pools of SOC were increased with the increase in amount of added manures. Apparently, green manure (Sesbania) was more effective in enhancing the lability of SOC as compared to farmyard manure and crop residues. The KMnO4-oxidizable SOC proved to be more sensitive and consistent as an index of labile pool of SOC compared to microbial biomass carbon. Under different cropping sequences, labile fractions of soil organic carbon exerted consistent positive effect on the extractable nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in soil. 相似文献
53.
Lidita Khandeparker Ranjith Eswaran Laxman Gardade Nishanth Kuchi Kaushal Mapari Sneha D. Naik Arga Chandrashekar Anil 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(1):41
The influence of tides on bacterial populations in a monsoon influenced tropical estuary was assessed through fine resolution sampling (1 to 3 h) during spring and neap tides from mouth to the freshwater end at four stations during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Higher abundance of total bacterial count (TBC) in surface water near the river mouth, compared to the upstream, during pre-monsoon was followed by an opposite scenario during the monsoon When seasonally compared, it was during the post-monsoon season when TBC in surface water was highest, with simultaneous decrease in their count in the river sediment. The total viable bacterial count (TVC) was influenced by the depth-wise stratification of salinity, which varied with tidal fluctuation, usually high and low during the neap and spring tides respectively. The abundance of both the autochthonous Vibrio spp. and allochthonous coliform bacteria was influenced by the concentrations of dissolved nutrients and suspended particulate matter (SPM). It is concluded that depending on the interplay of riverine discharge and tidal amplitude, sediment re-suspension mediated increase in SPM significantly regulates bacteria populations in the estuarine water, urging the need of systematic regular monitoring for better prediction of related hazards, including those associated with the rise in pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the changing climatic scenarios. 相似文献
54.
C. A. Gaonkar S. S. Sawant A. C. Anil K. Venkat S. N. Harkantra 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,163(1-4):583-589
Ships have been identified as one of the important vectors in the translocation of organisms from one bioregion to another leading to bioinvasion. In this context, harbours serve as a gateway for the introduction of alien species. Surveys were carried out in the vicinity of ports of Mumbai for macrobenthic fauna, zooplankton and hard substratum community on three different occasions during 2001–2002. The study shows that 14 polychaete species are recently introduced to this area. Mytilopsis sallei, a bivalve, which is an invasive species in the Indian context continued to be present but was restricted to enclosed docks, indicating preference for embayed water bodies. The polychaete Protula tubularia was abundant in the hard substratum community and is being reported as a possible ship-mediated introduction. 相似文献
55.
This paper presents the impact of road user charging (RUC) on vehicle emissions through application of traffic assignment
and pollutant emission models. It presents results of an analysis of five RUC schemes on vehicle emissions in Leeds, UK for
2005. The schemes were: a £3 inner ring road cordoncharge; a double cordon with a £2 inner ring road and a £1 outer ring road
charge; and distance charges of 2, 10 and 20 p/km levied for travel within the outer cordon. Schemes were compared to a no
charge option and results presented here. Emissions are significantly reduced within the inner cordon, whilst beyond the cordon,
localised increases and decreases occur. The double cordon exhibits a similar but less marked pattern. Distance charging reduces
city-wide emissions by 10% under a 2 p/km charge, 42–49% under a 10 p/km charge and 52–59% under a 20 p/km charge. The higher
distance charges reduce emissions within the charge zone, and are also associated with elevated emissions outside the zone,
but to a lesser extent than that observed for cordon charging. 相似文献
56.
Bioreactor landfills are designed to accelerate municipal solid waste biodegradation and stabilization; however, the uncaptured methane gas escapes to the atmosphere during their filling. This research investigates the implementation of a novel methane emission control technique that involves thin biocovers (TBC) placed as intermediate waste covers to oxidize methane without affecting the operation of bioreactor landfills. Batch incubation experiments were conducted for selecting the optimum TBC materials, capable of oxidizing methane to carbon dioxide by methanotrophic bacteria. Column experiments were performed to investigate the TBC performance under varying moisture content, compost-to-sawdust ratio, methane flow rate, and biocover thickness. Overall, the optimum TBC is comprised of a 30-cm thick bed of 0-10mass% sawdust mixed with compost, having a moisture content of 52% ww, which showed 100% CH4 oxidation efficiency over an extended period of time even at a relatively high methane inlet load of 9.4gm(-3)h(-1). 相似文献
57.
58.
中国成功实现了所占全球经济份额的快速增加,但在全球能源消耗方面,中国所占的份额增长更为迅速。由于劳动生产率得以提高,中国保持了较高的经济增速,同时减缓了能源需求的增速。作为全球第二大能源消耗国,中国可望进一步参与国际能源政策磋商,提供与其地位相称的、充分的能源供求数据,以便增强全球能源市场的可预测性。笔者认为,能源和相关的环境影响可能制约中国的经济增长。根据国际经验,本文揭示了有助于中国实现可持续增长的“不可见的”市场信号和“可见”的政府政策。本文还对亚洲开发银行(亚行)可以提供援助的领域做了简要的介绍。[编者按] 相似文献
59.
The industrial waste effluents from two industries of Durgapur have been traced along the course of Tamla Nalah at selected sites up to its confluence with the Damodar river and downstream. There are evidences of contamination of the river with toxic pollutants—ammonia, phenol, cyanide, sulphide, and trace mercury from Tamla Nalah. The upstream river water (Durgapur barrage), which is believed to be fairly pure, is actually not much better than the downstream river water. Monitoring data for about a year are presented and discussed. 相似文献
60.
Ferhat Karaca Ismail Anil Omar Alagha 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(36):5713-5722
This paper evaluates possible long-range source contributions to the PM10 profile of Istanbul, Turkey. A novel method for classifying PM10 episodic events resulting from long-range transport, as opposed to local ones, was implemented. Hourly PM10 mass concentrations from ten stations distributed throughout Istanbul during the year 2008 were used for this purpose. Hourly backward trajectories for the arrival of air masses to the center of Istanbul for the year 2008 were calculated using the HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Significant episodes from these backward trajectories were selected and employed in Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) analysis to estimate the possible contribution of long-range PM10 transport (LRPMT) to observed PM10 concentrations. The PSCF results showed significant seasonal variations. Based on the results obtained, PM10 concentrations observed in Istanbul during summer and autumn are not heavily affected by LRPMT. Mediterranean countries, especially those of the central part of northern Africa (northern Algeria and Libya) are the most significant potential PM10 contributors to Istanbul's atmosphere during springtime. During winter, Balkan countries, including the Aegean part of Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Croatia, as well as northern Italy, eastern France, southern Germany, Austria and the eastern part of Russia, were the most important LRPMT source regions for high PSCF values. 相似文献