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141.
142.
Anthropogenic nexus on organochlorine pesticide pollution: a case study with Tamiraparani river basin,South India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kumarasamy P Govindaraj S Vignesh S Rajendran RB James RA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):3861-3873
The levels of 17 organochlorine pesticides residues (OCPs) in surface water and sediments from Tamiraparani river basin, South
India were investigated to evaluate their potential pollution and risk impacts. A total of 96 surface water and sediment samples
at 12 sampling stations were collected along the river in four seasons during 2008–2009. The ΣOCP concentrations in surface
water and sediments were in the range of 0.1 to 79.9 ng l−1 and 0.12 to 3,938.7 ng g−1 dry weight (dw), respectively. Among the OCPs, the levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), aldrin, dieldrin, cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, and mirex were dominant in the sediments. The dominant OCPs in water samples are heptachlor, o,p′-DDE, dieldrin,
o,p′-DDD, and mirex, which show different source of contamination pattern among sampling seasons. The distribution pattern
of DDTs, hexachlorocyclohexane, and other OCPs in the present study shows heterogenic nature of nonpoint source of pollution.
Notable contamination of water and sediment sample that was observed in upstream (S2) 58 ng l−1 and downstream (S11) 1,693 ng g−1 dw explains agricultural and municipal outfalls, whereas frequent damming effect reduces the concentration level in the midstream.
The overall spatial–temporal distribution pattern of ΣOCP residues are illustrated by GIS package. 相似文献
143.
Arthur David Marie-George Tournoud Jean-Louis Perrin David Rosain Claire Rodier Christian Salles Chrystelle Bancon-Montigny Bernadette Picot 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(3):2517-2534
This paper analyzes how changes in hydrological conditions can affect the water quality of a temporary river that receives direct inputs of sewage effluents. Data from 12 spatial surveys of the Vène river were examined. Physico-chemical parameters, major ion, and nutrient concentrations were measured. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analyses were performed. ANOVA revealed significant spatial differences for conductivity and major ion but no significant spatial differences for nutrient concentrations even if higher average concentrations were observed at stations located downstream from sewage effluent discharge points. Significant temporal differences were observed among all the parameters. Karstic springs had a marked dilution effect on the direct disposal of sewage effluents. During high-flow periods, nutrient concentrations were high to moderate whereas nutrient concentrations ranged from moderate to bad at stations located downstream from the direct inputs of sewage effluents during low-flow periods. Principal component analysis showed that water quality parameters that explained the water quality of the Vène river were highly dependent on hydrological conditions. Cluster analysis showed that when the karstic springs were flowing, water quality was homogeneous all along the river, whereas when karstic springs were dry, water quality at the monitoring stations was more fragmented. These results underline the importance of considering hydrological conditions when monitoring the water quality of temporary rivers. In view of the pollution observed in the Vène river, “good water chemical status” can probably only be achieved by improving the management of sewage effluents during low-flow periods. 相似文献
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146.
Earl L. Merryman Arthur Levy 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):800-806
The microstructure of 1/10 and 1/20 atmosphere, lean H2S—O2—N2 flames is developed using the mass-spectrometric flame-sampling technique. The flame mechanism developed is in agreement with that determined from an earlier study on 1-atm H2S flames. The formation of SO2 appears to be primarily related to the production of SH and the ensuing oxidation steps SH + O2 = SO + OH and SO + O2 = SO2 + O. While there is some question whether SO2 formation occurs via an SO or an S2O intermediate, the present study does not give direct support to the role of S2O in the oxidation mechanism. However, the presence of significant quantities of free sulfur in the pre-flame zone may be indicative of S2O formation via SO + S → S2O, and, possibly, via the disproportionation of SO, 3SO → S2O + SO2. Kinetic analyses of some of the pre-flame reactions indicate an apparent activation energy of 17,300 calories/mole for the decomposition of H2S. The actual initiation process in the flame mechanism requires further examination. The specific rate for the reaction step H2S + O = OH + SH is given by k 6 = 1.45 × 1015 exp ( – 6600/RT) cm3 mole–1 sec–1, and the specific rate for the oxidation of SO, SO + O2 = SO2 + O, is given by k 5 = 5.2 × 1014 exp (—19,300/RT) cm3 mole–1 sec–1. 相似文献
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148.
David P. Baldwin Daniel S. Zamzow Arthur P. D’Silva 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):789-791
Abstract This research presents investigations into the use of inductively coupled air plasma – atomic emission spectrometry (air-plasma ICPAES) to determine the presence of inorganic contaminants in airborne aerosols. Limits of detection (LOD) in the ppm to ppb range for 19 hazardous metals and radionuclides were determined for aerosols of solutions nebulized into the air plasma. For many elements, the determined LOD surpass the threshold limit values established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists by one to three orders of magnitude. The potential of air-plasma ICPAES for continuous on-line monitoring of airborne contaminants is discussed. 相似文献
149.
Neufeld HS Peoples SJ Davison AW Chappelka AH Somers GL Thomley JE Booker FL 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2012,160(1):74-81
Ozone-sensitive and -tolerant individuals of cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L.) were compared for their gas exchange characteristics and total non-structural carbohydrates at Purchase Knob, a high elevation site in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance decreased with increased foliar stipple. Sensitive plants had lower photosynthetic rates for all leaves, except the very youngest and oldest when compared to tolerant plants. Stomatal conductance decreased with increasing leaf age, but no ozone-sensitivity differences were found. Lower leaves had less starch than upper ones, while leaves on sensitive plants had less than those on tolerant plants. These results show that ambient levels of ozone in Great Smoky Mountains National Park can adversely affect gas exchange, water use efficiency and leaf starch content in sensitive coneflower plants. Persistence of sensitive genotypes in the Park may be due to physiological recovery in low ozone years. 相似文献
150.