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991.
Ground level ozone is responsible for the formation ofsmog, and for a variety of adverse effects on bothhuman and plant life. High concentrations of groundlevel ozone occur during the summer months. This paperdescribes the development of a model to forecast themaximum daily concentration of ozone as a function ofthe maximum surface temperature, for ozonenon-attainment regions in Ohio. The model wasdeveloped by statistical analysis of existing data.Site-specific models were developed initially. Theverification and evaluation of the performancecriteria of the model at each site were explored bycomparing the model with an independent datasetcollected from that site. A generalized statewidemodel was developed from the site-specific models. Theperformance criteria of this model were verified andevaluated by employing the same independent datasetsemployed for the site-specific models. An exceedencemodel to predict the occurrence of ozone exceedencesover 100 ppb has also been presented. 相似文献
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994.
Mishra VK Upadhyay AR Pandey SK Tripathi BD 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):49-58
Five heavy metals Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb and Hg were found in high concentration from three sampling sites located in Asia’s largest
anthropogenic lake Govind Ballabh Pant GBP Sagar. Concentrations of these heavy metals were measured in Water, bottom sediment
and in different parts of the aquatic macrophytes collected from the reservoir. Plants collected from the lake were Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla pinnata, Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrrhiza, Potamogeton pectinatus, Marsilea quadrifolia, Pistia stratiotes, Ipomea aquqtica, Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata and Aponogeton natans. These plants have shown the high concentrations of Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb and Hg in their different parts due to bioaccumulation.
In general plant roots exhibited higher concentrations of heavy metals than corresponding sediments. A comparison between
different morphological tissues of the sampled plants reveled the metal concentration in following order roots > leaves. Analyses
of bottom sediment indicated the higher concentrations of Cd, Mn, Cu and Pb. Strong positive correlations were obtained between
the metals in water and in plants as well as between metal in sediment and in plants. Indicating the potential of these plants
for pollution monitoring of these metals. 相似文献
995.
An eco-sustainable green approach for heavy metals management: two case studies of developing industrial region 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rai PK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):421-448
Multifaceted issues or paradigm of sustainable development should be appropriately addressed in the discipline of environmental
management. Pollution of the biosphere with toxic metals has accelerated dramatically since the beginning of the Industrial
Revolution. In present review, comparative assessment of traditional chemical technologies and phytoremediation has been reviewed
particularly in the context of cost-effectiveness. The potential of phytoremediation and green chemicals in heavy metals management
has been described critically. Further, the review explores our work on phytoremediation as green technology during the last
6 years and hand in hand addresses the various ecological issues, benefits and constraints pertaining to heavy metal pollution
of aquatic ecosystems and its phytoremediation as first case study. Second case study demonstrates the possible health implications
associated with use of metal contaminated wastewater for irrigation in peri-urban areas of developing world. Our researches
revealed wetland plants/macrophytes as ideal bio-system for heavy metals removal in terms of both ecology and economy, when
compared with chemical treatments. However, there are several constraints or limitations in the use of aquatic plants for
phytoremediation in microcosm as well as mesocosm conditions. On the basis of our past researches, an eco-sustainable model
has been proposed in order to resolve the certain constraints imposed in two case studies. In relation to future prospect,
phytoremediation technology for enhanced heavy metal accumulation is still in embryonic stage and needs more attention in
gene manipulation area. Moreover, harvesting and recycling tools needs more extensive research. A multidisciplinary research
effort that integrates the work of natural sciences, environmental engineers and policy makers is essential for greater success
of green technologies as a potent tool of heavy metals management. 相似文献
996.
Critical review of EPS production, synthesis and composition for sludge flocculation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Klai Nouh Ram Saurabh Kumar Sellamuthu Balasubramanian Rajeshwar Dayal Tyagi 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(4):225-245
Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) produced by microorganisms represent biological macromolecules with unfathomable potentials and they are required to be explored further for their potential application as a bioflocculant in various wastewater sludge treatment. Although several studies already exist on biosynthetic pathways of different classical biopolymers like alginate and xanthan, no dedicated studies are available for EPS in sludge. This review highlights the EPS composition, functionality, and biodegradability for its potential use as a carbon source for production of other metabolites. Furthermore, the effect of various extraction methods(physical and chemical) on compositional, structural, physical and functional properties of microbial EPS has been addressed. The vital knowledge of the effect of extraction method on various important attributes of EPS can help to choose the suitable extraction method depending upon the intended use of EPS. The possible use of different molecular biological techniques for enhanced production of desired EPS was summarized. 相似文献
997.
Amesho Kassian T. T. Lin Yuan-Chung Mohan S. Venkata Halder Subham Ponnusamy Vinoth Kumar Jhang Syu-Ruei 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(1):183-230
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The global energy demand has been projected to rise over 28% by 2040, calling for more renewable resources such as lignocellulosic biomass to produce biofuels, and... 相似文献
998.
Gautam Aparna Khajone Vijay B. Bhagat Pundlik R. Kumar Sushil Patle Dipesh S. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(6):3105-3126
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Diminishing petroleum reserves, increasing carbon emissions, and the growing demand for fuels are calling for alternative fuels. Global diesel consumption... 相似文献
999.
Uday Kumar Chakrabarti Jigisha K. Parikh 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2011,24(6):758-766
The transportation of hazardous materials by road is an utmost necessity of the world for the societal benefits, but at the same time the activity is inherently dangerous. Incidents involving hazardous material (hazmat) cargo particularly the class-2 materials can lead to severe consequences in terms of fatalities, injuries, evacuation, property damage and environmental degradation. The rationale behind considering class-2 hazmats is that they pose the greatest danger to the people and property along the transport route because of their storage condition on the transport vessel. They are stored either in pressurized vessels or in cryogenic containers. Any external impact due to collision may cause catastrophic failure of transport vessels, known as BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion) with devastating consequences. Further, any continuous release from containment may cause what is known as ‘Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion’ (UVCE). Historically frequency of BLEVE occurrence is of the order of 1 × 10−6 per year or less, but other release scenarios e.g. a large vapour or liquid leaks are more probable and could also have devastating effects on the surrounding population. As such, the paper discussed various event scenarios and the consequences taking examples of a class-2.1 material (1,3 butadiene) and another class-2.3 (ammonia) hazmat. Comparative analysis suggests that per ton basis a rupture of ammonia tanker gives rise to larger impact areas and poses larger lethality risks compared to 1,3 butadiene as far as toxic effects are concerned. Besides, from fireball fatality on similar basis propylene causes higher consequence distance than LPG followed by ethylene oxide and 1,3 butadiene. The impact zone study results may be utilized as inputs for identifying the potential vulnerable area on a GIS enabled map, along a designated State highway route passing through an important industrial corridor in western India. 相似文献
1000.
Jacob J. Oleson Naresh Kumar Brian J. Smith 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2013,20(2):297-314
Many advancements have been introduced to tackle spatial and temporal structures in data. When the spatial and/or temporal domains are relatively large, assumptions must be made to account for the sheer size of the data. The large data size, coupled with realities that come with observational data, make it difficult for all of these assumptions to be met. In particular, air quality data are very sparse across geographic space and time, due to a limited air pollution monitoring network. These “missing” values make it difficult to incorporate most dimension reduction techniques developed for high-dimensional spatiotemporal data. This article examines aerosol optical depth (AOD), an indirect measure of radiative forcing, and air quality. The spatiotemporal distribution of AOD can be influenced by both natural (e.g., meteorological conditions) and anthropogenic factors (e.g., emission from industries and transport). After accounting for natural factors influencing AOD, we examine the spatiotemporal relationship in the remaining human influenced portion of AOD. The presented data cover a portion of India surrounding New Delhi from 2000–2006. The proposed method is demonstrated showing how it can handle the large spatiotemporal structure containing so much missing data for both meteorologic conditions and AOD over time and space. 相似文献