甘肃省城镇化质量测度

城镇化质量能全面反映城镇化进程,是城镇化进程的集中体现.在界定城镇化质量内涵的基础上,构建城镇化质量测度指标体系,利用熵权法对甘肃省87个县域2001-2012年的城镇化质量进行测度,以ArcGIS 9.3和Geo da为平台,分析城镇化质量的时间、空间演化格局特征并可视化表示.结果显示:甘肃省城镇化质量整体较低且差异明显,两极分化集聚现象是城镇化质量差异的主要原因;城镇化质量基本格局保持稳定,陇东地区个别县域城镇化质量提升较快;城镇化低质量不平衡发展态势愈演愈烈,城镇化质量空间格局由“三点三片”向“五点五片”扩展.     

Greenhouse gas emissions from MSW incineration in China: Impacts of waste characteristics and energy recovery

Determination of the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted during municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is complex because both contributions and savings of GHGs exist in the process. To identify the critical factors influencing GHG emissions from MSWI in China, a GHG accounting model was established and applied to six Chinese cities located in different regions. The results showed that MSWI in most of the cities was the source of GHGs, with emissions of 25–207 kg CO₂-eq t^?1 rw. Within all process stages, the emission of fossil CO₂ from the combustion of MSW was the main contributor (111–254 kg CO₂-eq t^?1 rw), while the substitution of electricity reduced the GHG emissions by 150–247 kg CO₂-eq t^?1 rw. By affecting the fossil carbon content and the lower heating value of the waste, the contents of plastic and food waste in the MSW were the critical factors influencing GHG emissions of MSWI. Decreasing food waste content in MSW by half will significantly reduce the GHG emissions from MSWI, and such a reduction will convert MSWI in Urumqi and Tianjin from GHG sources to GHG sinks. Comparison of the GHG emissions in the six Chinese cities with those in European countries revealed that higher energy recovery efficiency in Europe induced much greater reductions in GHG emissions. Recovering the excess heat after generation of electricity would be a good measure to convert MSWI in all the six cities evaluated herein into sinks of GHGs.     

城市煤气输配过程中的变频调速自动恒压控制系统

将河南平顶山煤气公司原煤气输配系统改造成为自动恒压控制系统,从而提高安全系数,降低煤气输配电耗。     

公众态度和机构监督对大气污染的影响

虽然以往对于环境库兹涅兹曲线（EKC）的研究中考虑了正式制度因素如政府机构监督，但是较少考虑非正式制度因素.本文重点检验两种制度情境的影响，微观层面的环境态度形成的非正式制度以及宏观层面的环保机构监督形成的正式制度对大气污染排放量的影响.基于CGSS2010-2013和2015年的数据库，从中提取出体现环境态度的问题，将其赋值指标化后，作为制度情境纳入环境方程.经过公开数据的收集，得到我国26个省份2010-2014年5年的面板数据.通过固定效应和随机效应模型，发现机构监督与人均GDP的交互项对氮氧化物、烟（粉）尘、二氧化硫排放都有影响，但是公众态度与人均GDP的交互项只对烟（粉）尘排放有影响，从而对不同制度情境下的环境库兹涅兹曲线进行了探索.     

考虑“双碳”目标与健康损失的区域现役火电机组有序退役研究

火电行业是我国经济社会发展的重要基础和保障，但也是碳排放的主要源头之一。在“双碳”目标约束下，新能源装机将持续增长，而火电机组则面临降碳和退役的压力。以安徽省为研究区域，考虑“双碳”目标与污染导致的健康损失等因素，对全省现役火电机组的计划退役与有序退役方案进行对比分析，为火电行业实现低碳发展提供路径参考。在有序退役方案下，结合初始投资、使用年限、年度发电收益与污染物排放计算出现役机组每年的净现值，并且根据未来安徽省碳排放削减目标，得到优化后的机组退役时间和顺序。结果表明：与常规的计划退役方案相比，有序退役方案使安徽省火电机组退役时间平均提前约5 a，在2060年碳中和之前可实现现役机组全部退役。2020—2060年，现役机组有序退役可累计减少碳排放量12.76亿t；累计减少SO₂、NO_x、PM_2.5排放量分别为1.44万t、2.13万t、0.17万t，比计划退役方案减少8.66亿元的健康损失。机组的有序退役不仅能带来巨大的环境效益与社会效益，也为“双碳”目标的实现提供了有力保障。     

Co-metabolic transformation of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid by the new soil isolate Pseudoxanthomonas indica CGMCC 6648

A new imidacloprid (IMI) degrading bacterium Z-9 (deposited number CGMCC 6648) was isolated and identified as Pseudoxanthomonas indica by 16S rRNA gene analysis. Two metabolites were identified as olefin and 5-hydroxy IMI by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. P. indica CGMCC 6648 degraded 70.1% of IMI (1.22 mmol L^?1) and formed 0.93 mmol L^?1 5-hydroxy IMI and 0.05 mmol L^?1 olefin IMI in 6 days and in the presence of 100 mmol L^?1 glucose. The half-life of IMI degradation was 3.6 days. P. indica CGMCC 6648 transforms IMI via a co-metabolism mechanism and different carbohydrates have significant effects on 5-hydroxy IMI formation, whereas different organic acids have substantial effects on olefin IMI production. Lactose is the best co-substrate for IMI degradation and 5-hydroxy IMI formation with 0.77 mmol L^?1 degraded and 0.67 mmol L^?1 formed in 48 h, respectively. Pyruvate is the best co-substrate for olefin IMI formation with 0.17 mmol L^?1 produced in 96 h for all carbon sources tested. Pyruvate significantly stimulates the conversion of 5-hydroxy IMI to olefin IMI, whereas glucose slightly inhibits this reaction. P. indica CGMCC 6648 rapidly degrades IMI and forms olefin IMI, which may enhance its potential for biodegradation of IMI and increase its insecticidal activity, which can decrease the IMI dosage required.     

A Value Orientation for Nature Preservation in Singapore

Over the past decade, the cause of nature preservation in Singapore had gained momentum through the efforts of the various non-governmental organisations. Tussles over disputed nature areas such as the Lower Peirce Forest, Marina South, Senoko, etc., had also garnered a great deal of publicity in the mass media. Many arguments for nature conservation were given by conservationists --- from the economic to the ecological --- without considering carefully their local relevance and impact. This paper provides an outline of a value orientation for nature preservation in Singapore --- taking into account the local context in terms of the economic, cultural, social and ecological conditions existing in this country. The major values usually associated with nature conservation are reviewed and prioritised in terms of local relevance and impact. The strategic thrust of the value orientation advocated is, in the final analysis, anthropocentric rather than non--anthropocentric in perspective.     

飞灰螯合剂中挥发性污染物的释放

采集了4个市售飞灰螯合剂样品，分析其在20，40℃下挥发性污染物的释放规律.结果表明，释放的挥发性污染物主要有甲醛、乙醛、苯、异戊醛/异丙醇、甲硫醇、乙硫醇等；其中3个螯合剂样品甲醛的释放浓度在20℃为748~1325 μg/L-螯合剂，占释放的易挥发污染物的68%~96%（质量比），在40℃为4282~6822 μg/L-螯合剂，占释放的易挥发污染物的87%~95%（质量比）.随着温度升高，释放的挥发性污染物种类变多，部分污染物浓度增加，40℃时，4个螯合剂样品释放的易挥发污染物浓度比20℃时增加了142%~444%.元素分析、拉曼光谱和热重分析结果表明，4个螯合剂的主要有效成分相似，为二硫代氨基甲酸盐类物质.因此，推测这种飞灰螯合剂在稀释和飞灰稳定化过程中，对工作人员的健康可能有潜在的危害风险，应收集释放的气体并进行处理；且在飞灰填埋过程中，可能会导致渗滤液中NH₄⁺-N等物质的浓度升高，增加渗滤液的处理难度.     

跟踪拍照识别白鱀豚的研究

作者从１９８６年起开展了照相识别白豚的研究。通过反复试验，采用多船弧形跟踪、单船切入拍照的方法，在观察到白豚的４８天中，共拍得１６００张照片并从中识别出１０头白暨豚。除了白暨豚背鳍上的自然标记能有效地用于个体识别之外，豚体上的色斑、图象等亦能用于个体识别。作者由此获得了白豚群体组成变化和迁移距离等科学资料，对深入研究白暨豚生态学有重要意义。     

城市发展质量的综合评价--以江苏省13个省辖市为例

在城市发展质量评价指标体系构建的基础上,依据一定的规则确定各评价指标的目标值,根据综合评价方法,对江苏省13个省辖市2000-2002年各城市发展质量进行综合分析.提出测算城市质量系统间协调发展程度的一般计量模型,根据此模型及城市发展质量综合评价的结论,分别研究了13个城市在近三年的城市化进程中,城市质量系统发展的协调性.