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341.
Triclosan in waste and surface waters from the upper Detroit River by liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is an antimicroibial disinfectant agent used in a wide array of consumer products. An analytical method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by reverse phase, liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization (negative)-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-ESI(-)-MS/MS; in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode) was developed, optimized and validated for the determination of triclosan in wastewater/sewage treatment plant (WSTP) effluent and surface waters from the upper Detroit River (Canada). The mean recoveries (+/-%RSD) of triclosan and the internal standard 2'-HO-tribromodiphenyl ether (2'-HO-BDE-28) spiked to surface water and WSTP effluent samples ranged similarly from 104+/-8% and 91+/-10%, respectively, and method limits of quantification were in the low ppb/high ppt range. However, ESI(-) enhancement was found for both analytes due to sample matrix effects, as indicated by % process efficiencies (a measure of ESI(-) enhancement/suppression), which were in the 111-128% range. We report the first known assessment of triclosan in the Detroit River watershed of the Great Lakes, which preliminarily examined the presence and UV-treatment effects on triclosan in effluent from the major WSTP serving the City of Windsor, Ontario, Canada, and fate in surface waters of the upper Detroit River. Triclosan in WSTP effluent decreased 22% after final UV treatment to a mean concentration of 63 ng/L. Concentrations were further reduced to 4 and 8 ng/L (a >90% reduction) in surface water samples from sites downstream on the Canadian shoreline of the Detroit River, which was due to dilution. Two hydroxylated tribrominated diphenyl ethers, which are structurally similar to triclosan, were also detected in WSTP effluent and surface water samples. 相似文献
342.
Partitioning and removal of dioxin-like congeners in flue gases treated with activated carbon adsorption 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Activated carbon adsorption is commonly used to control dioxin-like congener (PCDD/Fs and PCBs) emissions. Partitioning of PCDD/Fs and PCBs between vapor and solid phases and their removal efficiencies achieved with existing air pollution control devices (APCDs) at a large-scale municipal waste incinerator (MWI) and an industrial waste incinerator (IWI) are evaluated via intensive stack sampling and analysis. Those two facilities investigated are equipped with activated carbon injection (ACI) with bag filter (BF) and fixed activated carbon bed (FACB) as major PCDD/F control devices, respectively. Average PCDD/F and PCB concentrations of stack gas with ACI+BF as APCDs are 0.031 and 0.006ng-TEQ/Nm(3), and that achieved with FACB are 1.74 and 0.19ng-TEQ/Nm(3) in MWI and IWI, respectively. The results show that FACB could reduce vapor-phase PCDD/Fs and PCBs concentrations in flue gas, while the ACI+BF can effectively adsorb the vapor-phase dioxin-like congener and collect the solid-phase PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the meantime. Additionally, the results of the pilot-scale adsorption system (PAS) experimentation indicate that each gram activated carbon adsorbs 105-115ng-PCDD/Fs and each surface area (m(2)) of activated carbon adsorbs 10-25ng-PCDD/Fs. Based on the results of PAS experimentation, this study confirms that the surface area of mesopore+macropore (20-200A) of the activated carbon is a critical factor affecting PCDD/F adsorption capacity. 相似文献
343.
Pan G Zhang MM Chen H Zou H Yan H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,141(2):195-200
Algal removal abilities of 26 clays/minerals were classified into three categories according to the 8-h equilibrium removal efficiency (Q8h) and removal rate at a clay loading of 0.7 g/L. Type I clays (sepiolite, talc, ferric oxide, and kaolinite) had a Q8h > 90%, a t50 (time needed to remove 50% of the algae) < 15 min, and a t80 < 2.5 h. Type II clays (6 clays) had a Q8h 50-90%, a t50 < 2.5 h, and a t80 > 2.5 h. Type III clays (14 clays) with Q8h < 50%, t50 > 8 h and t80 > 14 h had no practical value in removal of algal blooms. When the clay loading was reduced to 0.2 g/L, Q8h for all the 25 materials decreased to below 60%, except for sepiolite whose Q8h remained about 97%. The high efficiency for sepiolite to flocculate M. aeruginosa cells in freshwaters was due to the mechanism of netting and bridging effect. 相似文献
344.
王化 《中国人口.资源与环境》2006,16(3):140-142
当前,国内外市场正掀起公司整合、兼并的浪潮,针对英国联合利华公司的战略动机和兼并对公司的潜在影响。运用竞争态势分析(SWOT)方法.从六个方面分析了联合利华公司两个成功案例。结合管理模式和国家文化的差异。关注社会文化与“战略性文化适应”。对联合利华最近5年来的成长战略和Best Foods公司战略核心要素进行了分析。评价了联合利华的战略发展和将来的战略发展方向。指出联合利华品牌减少战略体现出核心竞争,加强个人护理产品的生产.保持持续发展和竞争优势.以期达到相当的经济规模.是值得借鉴的成功经验。 相似文献
345.
三峡库区虫媒和自然疫源性疾病分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
为了解三峡库区人群近7年来主要虫媒和自然疫源性疾病的发病水平和流行趋势,在选出的15个三峡库区人群健康监测点,按照《三峡库区疾病监测方案》,每月收集传染病发病资料及鼠、蚊类等媒介生物监测资料。结合全国传染病疫情报告系统的有关发病资料,分别进行不同年份、不同地区和不同季节发病趋势的比较和影响因素分析。连续7年的监测结果显示,甲类传染病鼠疫未发生,流行性出血热、钩端螺旋体病、流行性乙型脑炎、疟疾等以病媒生物传播为主要传播途径的虫媒和自然疫源性疾病累计报告病例157例,其总体发病呈下降趋势。疟疾、出血热发病水平明显低于全国,而钩体病和乙脑发病水平则高于全国,除疟疾外的其余3种疾病均伴有小的发病高峰出现,但仍以散发为主。表明这些与环境变化关系较为密切的虫媒和自然疫源性疾病的发生,随着工程施工、移民新址建设和移民搬迁并未发生明显变化。但由于环境因素影响的长期性、复杂性,仍需长期连续地开展监测,密切关注发病趋势的变化。 相似文献
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349.
面向大坝混凝土浇筑的缆机安全防撞系统设计及应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在大坝混凝土浇筑过程中,防止缆机碰撞事故的发生对确保施工安全性和连续性具有重要意义.针对大坝混凝土浇筑过程的缆机防撞监测的需求,基于GNSS与GIS集成模式,采用C/S结构体系设计了一个四层逻辑架构的缆机安全防撞系统.重点讨论了系统的数据库结构设计和功能模块设计,阐述了利用GIS组件开发方法在Visual Studio 2008平台上开发出相应原型系统的过程,并在国电大渡河大岗山水电站大坝混凝土浇筑过程进行应用.结果表明,该系统能够对缆机与其他设备之间的碰撞事故进行及时预警. 相似文献
350.