武汉市青山区大气中NO_x污染的调查及其影响因素的初步探讨

应用“盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法”测定了武汉市青山区大气中NO_x的含量,并考察了时间、地点、汽车流量诸因素对这一地区大气中NO_x含量的影响。研究表明该地区NO_x含量较高,防治空气中NO_x的污染已迫在眉睫。     

Monitoring seasonal distribution of an endangered anadromous sturgeon in a large river using environmental DNA

Monitoring dynamic distribution is crucial to conservation management of anadromous sturgeons, but traditional survey methods are less efficient for low-density populations in a large river. Natural propagation of Chinese sturgeon has been monitored annually mainly at the spawning ground using netting for eggs and hydroacoustics for broodstock. However, absence of spawning was observed sporadically in recent years, indicating further crises for the declining population. We analyzed eDNA of water samples collected from 24 sites across 1360 km of the migratory route of anadromous Chinese sturgeon in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Chinese sturgeon was detected at 9 sites during the spawning season and 14 sites after the spawning season. We found that positive eDNA detection rates remained constant in the middle reaches but dramatically changed in the lower reaches, reflecting seasonal migration pattern of Chinese sturgeon. Invasive sturgeons were detected in the river, indicating their possible escape from aquaculture facilities. This study established a protocol for the use of eDNA to monitor distribution of Chinese sturgeon and could be valuable in making better policies for the conservation of this endangered species.     

城市化与我国基础教育资源的优化配置

城市化造成我国城乡教育资源分布与实际需求存在偏差：农村小学教育资源浪费,城镇小学不能满足学龄儿童入学需求,城镇中学升学率的提高越来越受到教学资源不足的限制。在研究快速城市化背景下我国城乡基础教育资源优化配置问题的基础上。就农村基础教育资源的优化配置,提出有效盘活存量资源、合理配置增量资源、加强基础教育、发展职业技术教育、开展农业技术培训、强化农村人口思想素质教育的对策建议。就城镇基础教育资源的优化配置,提出扩大名校办学规模、加大对非“重点”学校的投入力度、发挥市场在教育资源配置中的作用的对策建议。     

山东省农业循环经济发展评价

为了加快农业循环经济发展，首先要对发展状态进行评估。该文以循环经济理论为依据，探索建立表征农业循环经济发展程度的指标体系，并以山东省17市为例，进行主成分分析，评价山东省各市农业循环经济发展程度，找出各地农业循环经济发展过程中存在的差距，为推动区域农业循环经济发展提供理论支持。研究发现各地区农业循环经济发展程度与区域总体发展水平并不一致，一些经济发达地区忽视农业资源的节约利用导致农业循环经济发展水平不高。为加快出东省农业循环经济发展，建议通过推进农业产业化，节约资源投入；大力推广农业清洁生产；合理规划和确立农业循环经济发展模式。     

世界森林火灾预防与监控技术概述

介绍了国内外预防与监控森林火灾的方法及国外几种监控森林火灾的新技术与新设备,为我国今后能够更好地预防与监控森林火灾提供借鉴.     

浅论环境保护公众参与信息发布系统的构建

公众参与是环境保护工作一项重要内容。从中国实际情况来看，公众参与信息发布方式与手段已不能适应经济、社会发展的要求。本文主要介绍了基于应用信息网络技术改进公共服务，重组公共组织，提高公共参与的原理和涉及的相关技术。讨论了利用面向对象的分析和设计方法、分布式数据库技术、三层结构的网站建设技术、C／S和B／S网络技术结合移动通讯和网络接口技术的公众参与信息发布系统设计，探讨利用互联网及移动通讯技术实现公众便捷地参与对专项规划和建设项目环境影响评价的模式。     

绿色节能建筑是人类生存发展的方向

我国建筑节能工作开展20多年来，取得了一定成绩，但节能效果还不甚理想，绿色节能建筑可谓建筑的最高典范，推广绿色节能建筑，可以真正做到把环保节能设计的概念贯穿全局，从整体规划布局到建筑单体构造都全面考虑可持续发展，从社会道德和良知上来对我们子孙后代负责。     

人群拥挤事故与避灾心理分析

在现代社会中，大量的人群集中在一起是常见的事情。通常情况下，大量的人群集中并不会引起严重的问题，但有时由于缺乏有效的控制与管理，在突发事件发生时常会造成较大的人员死伤。本交通过对本世纪的若干起人群拥挤事故的调查，分析了该类事故的制约因素。     

上海市地面沉降的经济损失评估

地面沉降是普遍的城市灾害和典型的缓慢积累型地质灾害。本文首次采用工程费用法,结合修正的人力资本法,定量评估了上海市由于地面沉降而修筑黄埔江、苏州河沿岸防汛墙的经济损失,估算了地面沉降造成码头、港口受淹、市区积水、桥梁净空减少等方面的经济损失。得出上海地面沉降的经济损失总额达508470.379万元,自1921年地面沉降以来每年的经济损失为7263.626万元。研究表明,控制地面沉降不仅具有积极的环境效益,更具有显著的经济效益。     

Environmental performance rating and disclosure: China's Green Watch program

In this paper we describe a new incentive-based pollution control program in China, in which the environmental performance of firms is rated from best to worst using five colors--green, blue, yellow, red and black--and the ratings are disseminated to the public through the media. We focus on the first two municipal disclosure programs, which have been implemented at very different levels of economic and institutional development. In both cases, the increases in compliance with pollution regulations have been similar to increases produced by public disclosure programs in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The results suggest that incentives created by public disclosure may significantly reduce pollution in China, even though environmental NGO's play little role and there is no formal channel for public participation in environmental regulation.