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851.
Effectiveness of protected areas for vertebrates based on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity
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Qing Quan Xianli Che Yongjie Wu Yuchun Wu Qiang Zhang Min Zhang Fasheng Zou 《Conservation biology》2018,32(2):355-365
Establishing protected areas is the primary goal and tool for preventing irreversible biodiversity loss. However, the effectiveness of protected areas that target specific species has been questioned for some time because targeting key species for conservation may impair the integral regional pool of species diversity and phylogenetic and functional diversity are seldom considered. We assessed the efficacy of protected areas in China for the conservation of phylogenetic diversity based on the ranges and phylogenies of 2279 terrestrial vertebrates. Phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity were strongly and positively correlated, and only 12.1–43.8% of priority conservation areas are currently protected. However, the patterns and coverage of phylogenetic diversity were affected when weighted by species richness. These results indicated that in China, protected areas targeting high species richness protected phylogenetic diversity well overall but failed to do so in some regions with more unique or threatened communities (e.g., coastal areas of eastern China, where severely threatened avian communities were less protected). Our results suggest that the current distribution of protected areas could be improved, although most protected areas protect both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. 相似文献
852.
Environmentally friendly green composites were prepared by blending Wheat gluten (WG) as matrix, dialdehyde starch (DAS) as
filler and glycerol as plasticizer followed by compression molding of the mixture at 110 °C. The properties of the WG/DAS
composite are compared with those of the WG/native wheat starch (NWS) composites. While tensile strength and strain at break
decrease with increasing NWS content in the WG/NWS composites, a small content of DAS could improve tensile strength and strain
at break simultaneously in the WG/DAS composites. The WG/DAS composites exhibit reduced moisture absorption in comparison
with the WG/NEW composites. Formation of chemical bonding between DAS and WG is beneficial for the dispersion of DAS in the
WG matrix and WG/DAS composites exhibit improved mechanical properties and reduced moisture absorption over the WG/NWS composites. 相似文献
853.
Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are an alternative technology to treat mine drainage containing sulfate and heavy metals. Two column experiments were conducted to assess the suitability of an organic carbon (OC) based reactive mixture and an Fe0-bearing organic carbon (FeOC) based reactive mixture, under controlled groundwater flow conditions. The organic carbon mixture contains about 30% (volume) organic carbon (composted leaf mulch) and 70% (volume) sand and gravel. The Fe0-bearing organic carbon mixture contains 10% (volume) zero-valent iron, 20% (volume) organic carbon, 10% (volume) limestone, and 60% (volume) sand and gravel. Simulated groundwater containing 380 ppm sulfate, 5 ppm As, and 0.5 ppm Sb was passed through the columns at flow rates of 64 (the OC column) and 62 (the FeOC column) ml d− 1, which are equivalent to 0.79 (the OC column) and 0.78 (the FeOC column) pore volumes (PVs) per week or 0.046 m d− 1 for both columns. The OC column showed an initial sulfate reduction rate of 0.4 µmol g (OC)− 1 d− 1 and exhausted its capacity to promote sulfate reduction after 30 PVs, or 9 months of flow. The FeOC column sustained a relatively constant sulfate reduction rate of 0.9 µmol g (OC)− 1 d− 1 for at least 65 PVs (17 months). In the FeOC column, the δ34S values increase with the decreasing sulfate concentration. The δ34S fractionation follows a Rayleigh fractionation model with an enrichment factor of 21.6‰. The performance decline of the OC column was caused by the depletion of substrate or electron donor. The cathodic production of H2 by anaerobic corrosion of Fe probably sustained a higher level of SRB activity in the FeOC column. These results suggest that zero-valent iron can be used to provide an electron donor in sulfate reducing PRBs. A sharp increase in the δ13C value of the dissolved inorganic carbon and a decrease in the concentration of HCO3− indicate that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis is occurring in the first 15 cm of the FeOC column. 相似文献
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施工车辆车轮带泥是我国道路扬尘污染控制面临的共性和突出问题。为在国内推广使用洗轮机提供技术依据,通过检测工地出口外道路积尘负荷来估算转轮式洗轮机对车轮带泥的冲洗效率,并以该洗轮机作为车轮带泥检测设备,检测和统计北京市车轮带泥量。结果表明,(1)转轮式洗轮机可以将工地出口外100m道路积尘负荷增量由64.4g/m2降至5.9g/m2,转轮式洗轮机对车轮带泥的冲洗效率大于90%;(2)渣土车和混凝土车车轮带泥量的平均值分别为5.1和2.2kg/车;(3)北京市未来车轮带泥量将超过8.8万t/a,施工车辆全部经过转轮式洗轮机冲洗后,车轮带泥量可削减7.9万t/a。建议在相关法律法规中以强制性条款落实施工车辆车轮带泥机械化冲洗要求。 相似文献
856.
随着天然气生产向自动化、网络化、智能化方向的迅猛发展,大部分天然气集配气站都建立和完善了自动计量、视频监控、生产数据传输、无线通讯等系统。但是随着电气仪表设备和数据线的增多,系统受雷击或因雷电影响受损的概率陡然增加,特别是近几年,天然气集配气站内计量、控制系统设备频繁出现雷击损坏现象。因此,对天然气集配气站实施综合防雷技术改造十分必要。 相似文献
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Zhixi Zhu Hongtao Bai He Xu Tan ZhuAuthor vitae 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》2011,31(6):538-548
Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) inherently needs to address greater levels of uncertainty in the formulation and implementation processes of strategic decisions, compared with project environmental impact assessment. The range of uncertainties includes internal and external factors of the complex system that is concerned in the strategy. Scenario analysis is increasingly being used to cope with uncertainty in SEA. Following a brief introduction of scenarios and scenario analysis, this paper examines the rationale for scenario analysis in SEA in the context of China. The state of the art associated with scenario analysis applied to SEA in China was reviewed through four SEA case analyses. Lessons learned from these cases indicated the word “scenario” appears to be abused and the scenario-based methods appear to be misused due to the lack of understanding of an uncertain future and scenario analysis. However, good experiences were also drawn on, regarding how to integrate scenario analysis into the SEA process in China, how to cope with driving forces including uncertainties, how to combine qualitative scenario storylines with quantitative impact predictions, and how to conduct assessments and propose recommendations based on scenarios. Additionally, the ways to improve the application of this tool in SEA were suggested. We concluded by calling for further methodological research on this issue and more practices. 相似文献
860.
欧阳强 《再生资源与循环经济》2010,3(6):22-25
湖南在发展循环经济的实践中,形成了多元化、独具特色的循环经济发展模式,这对缓解湖南所面临的经济高速增长与环境保护的矛盾具有重要意义。通过实地调查和资料研究,总结和分析了示范基地、多级生态链、品牌战略等湖南发展循环经济的6种模式。 相似文献