A Novel Eco-friendly Blood Meal-based Bio-adhesive: Preparation and Performance

In this reported study, a renewable and eco-friendly blood meal-based (BM) bio-adhesive was developed for the plywood fabrication. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and triglycidylamine (TGA) were respectively employed as emulsifier, denaturant and crosslinking agent to modify the BM adhesive. Three-ply plywood was manufactured and its wet shear strength was tested. The solid content, residual rate, functional groups, thermal degradation behavior, and cross section micromorphology of the resulting adhesives were characterized in detail. The experimental results showed that PVA prevented the BM agglomeration, SDS unfolded the structure of protein and then TGA reacted with the exposed active groups in the BM protein molecules, forming a cross-linked structure. As a result, the thermal stability of the modified BM adhesive was improved and the cross section of the cured adhesive was more homogeneous, which enhanced the performance of the adhesive. Consequently, the wet shear strength of the plywood bonded by modified BM adhesive markedly increased by 388% to 1.27 MPa. Compared with soy bean meal-based adhesive, a higher protein content and hydrophobic amino acids content of BM are benefit for fabricating high performance bio-based adhesive, which rendered the BM adhesive practical for plywood industrial application.     

天然气净化厂放空废气对环境的影响及控制措施

天然气净化厂除正常生产有工艺废气排放外,传统装置检修开停产过程、供电或设备异常情况下,会有大量酸气、原料气通过放空火炬燃烧后排放。文章主要分析了天然气净化装置放空废气排放情况及其对周边环境的影响,阐述了异常放空、检修开停产过程原料气和酸气放空的控制措施及其环境效益。     

阿克苏地区水质硬度现状及不同净水方式水净化效果研究

采用EDTA鳌和滴定法检测阿克苏部分水样中的总硬度、钙离子浓度和镁离子浓度,并将之与国家对于饮用水硬度的标准进行比较,结果发现自来水、地下水、多浪河水总硬度在350 mg/L左右,属于高硬度水。分析不同净水方式水净化效果,结果表明经过滤装置及净水器处理后的水硬度在230 mg/L左右,硬度有所降低但依然属于高硬度水;阿克苏水质硬度较高,在饮用时需采取一定的措施降低其硬度,建议先过滤净化后烧开再饮用较为妥当。     

城市河道黑臭水体污染治理技术研究

城市河道黑臭水体对市民生活有严重不良影响,黑臭水体形成复杂、治理难度大。本文通过分析黑臭水体的外源性及内源性成因,明确了黑臭水体来源与治理方向,同时从控源截污、底泥修复、水体净化等方面研究了有效治理城市河道黑臭水体污染的技术,旨在进一步明确其治理策略,以期为有效治理提供参考。     

连云港经济技术开发区危废处置情况的调查研究

通过对连云港市经济技术开发区内医药企业危废产生及库存等情况进行调查,针对目前危废处理处置过程中存在问题,提出解决对策及建议。     

Soil biological characteristic,nutrient contents and stoichiometry as affected by different types of remediation in a smelter-impacted soil

ABSTRACT

In order to evaluate the ecological risk reductions of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) and the change of nutrient contents and stoichiometry in a smelter-impacted farmland in Guixi, Jiangxi Province, China, with ～ 800?mg Cu kg^?1 soil and 0.8?mg Cd kg^?1 soil, an three years in situ experiment was conducted. The field trial consisted of 4 ×?5?m plots in a completely randomised block design. Hydroxyapatite was added at 10?g kg^?1 soil and Sedum plumbizincicola, Elsholtzia splendens, and Pennisetum sp. were planted. Post-treatment soil and plant samples were collected annually and analysed for Cu and Cd bioaccessibility, soil carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus (C:N:P), and the stoichiometries of soil β-glucosidase (BG), N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), and acid phosphatase (AP) activity levels. The results indicated that the hydroxyapatite treatments significantly reduced Cu and Cd bioaccessibility as well as the ratio of C:P and N:P. Moreover, BG, NAG, and AP activity levels all increased relative to those in untreated soil. Plants may also influence soil BG, NAG, and AP activity. This study demonstrated that in situ Cu and Cd stabilisation by hydroxyapatite and phytoextraction is ecologically safe and can alter soil mineral nutrient ecological stoichiometry and enzyme activity.     

沈阳市大气中PM2.5来源解析研究

通过2015年在沈阳市采集PM2.5样品及源类样品,分析样品的质量浓度和化学组成,用化学质量平衡(CMB)模型对该市PM2.5来源进行解析。结果表明:沈阳市大气中PM2.5浓度时空变化特征明显;各主要源类对沈阳市PM2.5的分担率依次为煤烟尘(28.03%)、二次无机离子(22.63%)、机动车尾气尘(17.27%)、城市扬尘(13.28%)、建筑尘(5.94%)、土壤风沙尘(5.82%)、道路尘(3.04%)、生物质燃烧尘(2.74%)和冶金尘(1.25%)。燃煤和机动车的有效控制既能降低本类源的贡献,也能降低二次无机离子,体现了多源类综合治理原则。     

丙烯酰胺对水环境中典型微藻的毒性效应

作为可疑致癌物,丙烯酰胺(acrylamide,AM)是目前各国政府和广大民众普遍关注的重要污染物.为探究AM对水体生物的毒性效应及可能存在的生态风险,本文以海洋微藻东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和淡水微藻莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)为研究对象,采用室内培养法,测定了不同暴露浓度的AM对2种微藻生长、形态和生理状态的影响.结果显示,AM对2种藻类生长均有显著的抑制作用(P0.05),96 h半抑制质量浓度(EC_(50))分别为22.79 mg·L~(-1)和161.8 mg·L~(-1);最高无抑制浓度(NOEC)分别为1.04 mg·L~(-1)和9.84 mg·L~(-1).不同微藻对AM胁迫的响应存在较大的差异性,与莱茵衣藻相比,东海原甲藻对AM更敏感.扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)结果显示,当受到AM影响时,2种藻细胞严重变形,表现出塌陷、质壁分离、空泡数量增多和叶绿体片层结构少量断裂等现象;叶绿素含量和F_v/F_m(PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量)测试表明AM可以通过破坏微藻的光合系统而抑制光合作用.AM对东海原甲藻属于中毒性物质,对莱茵衣藻属于低毒性物质.     

西北地区昼夜增温的不对称性对植被动态的影响

全球变暖有很大的差异性,表现在昼夜增温速度和各个季节的温度增加的速率具有不一致性,夜间增温的速度要快于白天增温的速度,夜间气温的增温对植被变化的影响更为明显。文章利用34年逐月最高温、最低温以及降水量数据,用一元线性回归分析法、反距离权重插值以及二阶偏相关分析法,分析了西北地区白天和夜间气温的非对称时空变化和非对称增温趋势对植被动态的影响,结果表明:西北地区昼夜温度都呈现出上升的趋势,且上升趋势比较明显,白天增温的速度和夜间增温的速度呈现出不对称性,夜间温度升高的速率是白天温度升高速率的1.2倍,昼夜的温差呈现出减小的趋势;西北地区昼夜增温趋势存在不一致性,白天气温的增温速率在-0.02-0.11℃?a-1,夜间气温的增温速率在-0.06-0.2℃?a-1。tmax和tmin在绝大部分地区都呈现上升趋势,但在空间变化的区域上具有不对称性;西北地区植被生长对昼夜增温的响应具有明显的空间差异性,大部分地区的植被对昼夜增温表现为积极的响应,夜间增温对植被的影响要比白天增温对植被的影响是比较明显的;白天和夜间增温的不对称性影响着不同类型的植被,白天气温的升高有利于针叶林植被、草地和阔叶林植被的生长,而夜间气温的升高对灌丛和荒漠植被的生长有积极的影响。