低温常压等离子体分解有害气体SO2和NOx

介绍了在常压低温条件下,用前后沿陡峭的超高压脉冲电晕放电产生非平衡高能等离子体,打开NO_x、SO_2气体分子化学键,在定向作用下,使其分解为无害单原子分子O_2、N_2和单质固体微粒S的技术。NO_x分解率为94.1％;SO_2,分解率为86.7％。单质硫全部吸附在反应器壁上,可以作为工业用硫原料。该技术为治理酸雨效应提供一种有效、可行、低成本、占地少、耗能低和不用外加化学药品的新技术。它的一次投资和日常维护费仅为世界上最先进技术——电子束法和毫微秒高压脉冲电晕放电产生等离子化学法的1/10。     

Organochlorines in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) tissues from the northern Gulf of Alaska

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, heptachlor and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were analyzed in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) tissues collected from the Gulf of Alaska during 2000-2001. summation SigmaPCBs (16-728 ng/gl w) and summation SigmaDDTs (14-368 ng/gl w) were the predominant pollutants followed by summation operatorHCHs (0.56-93 ng/gl w) and heptachlor (相似文献   

A dual-permeability hydro-biodegradation model for leachate recirculation and settlement in bioreactor landfills

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A dual-permeability hydro-biodegradation model is developed to describe the leachate flow in municipal solid waste (MSW) and predict the long-term...     

Distribution and diversity of macrobenthic communities in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River北大核心CSCD

Macrobenthic communities are an important part of aquatic ecological system in the Yangtze River. Studies on macrobenthic community structure and diversity have important significance for development and protection of water resources in the Yangtze River. In this research, macrobenthic communities and their habitat in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River were investigated at 17 sites in May and September of 2013. Shannon-wiener diversity index was used to assess the diversity of macrobenthic communities. The results showed that there were 36 species at these 17 sites; the abundance and diversity of macrobenthic community were the highest in the Nanjing Reach and the Changzhou Reach, the lowest in the Nantong Reach of the Yangtze River. Nephthys sp., Grandidierella chaohuensis sp., Gammarus sp., Tubifex sp. and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were the dominant taxa in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River. Cluster analysis based on species abundance yielded four groups among the 17 sites. One-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) suggested significant differences in macrobenthic community structure among the four groups (P < 0.05). The results indicated that factors including aquatic plants, water flow velocity, sediment types and channels can influence the distribution and diversity of macrobenthic communities in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River.     

Occurrence,compositional distribution,and toxicity assessment of pyrethroid insecticides in sediments from the fluvial systems of Chaohu Lake,Eastern China

Surface sediment-associated synthetic pyrethroid insecticides (SPs) are known to pose high risks to the benthic organisms in Chaohu Lake, a shallow lake of Eastern China. However, the pollution status of the lake’s tributaries and estuaries is still unknown. The present study was conducted to investigate the occurrence, compositional distribution, and toxicity of 12 currently used SPs in the surface sediments from four important tributaries, as well as in the sediment cores at their estuaries, using GC-MS for quantification. All SPs selected were detectable, with cypermethrin, es/fenvalerate, and permethrin dominant in both surface and core sediments, suggesting that these compounds were extensively applied. Urban samples contained the highest summed concentrations of the 12 SPs analyzed (Σ₁₂SP) in both surface and core sediments compared with rural samples, suggesting that urban areas near aquatic environments posed high risks for SPs. The mean concentration of Σ₁₂SP in surface sediments of each river was generally higher than that found in core sediments from its corresponding estuary, perhaps implying recent increases in SP usage. Surface sediments were significantly dominated by cypermethrin and permethrin, whereas core sediments were dominated by permethrin and es/fenvalerate. The compositional distributions demonstrated a spatial variation for surface sediments because urban sediments generally contained greater percentages of permethrin and cypermethrin, but rural sediments had significant levels of es/fenvalerate and cypermethrin. In all sediment cores, the percentage of permethrin gradually increased, whereas es/fenvalerate tended to decrease, from the bottom sediments to the top, indicating that the former represented fresh input, whereas the latter represented historical residue. Most urban samples would be expected to be highly toxic to benthic organisms due to the residue of SPs based on a calculation of toxic units (TUs) using toxicity data of the amphipod Hyalella azteca. However, low TU values were found for the samples from rural areas. These results indicate that the bottom sediments were exposed to high risk largely by the residual SPs from urban areas. The summed TUs were mostly attributable to cypermethrin, followed by λ-cyhalothrin and es/fenvalerate. Despite permethrin contributing ～28.7 % of the Σ₁₂SP concentration, it only represented 6.34 % of the summed TUs. Therefore, our results suggest that high levels of urbanization can increase the accumulation of SPs in aquatic environments.     

A diagnostic experiment of the influence of CO2 on winter wheat

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超声协同下镍铁双金属化合物催化降解水溶液中的四氯化碳

以水合肼作为还原剂、PVP作为稳定剂,在碱性条件下借助水热途径制备了FeNi3双金属化合物,并对其物相结构与外观形貌进行了表征。在超声协同作用下用自制的FeNi3化合物微粉作为催化剂对水溶液中的四氯化碳进行了催化降解处理,考查了超声功率、催化剂加入量、温度和pH值对四氯化碳降解效果的影响,同时,与超声辅助还原铁粉降解四氯化碳进行了比较。结果表明,FeNi3化合物对于水溶液中的四氯化碳具有显著的催化降解作用,催化剂投加量增大,四氯化碳的降解率升高。在给定的实验条件下,温度对四氯化碳降解效果的影响最为显著,40℃时,15 min内四氯化碳的降解率即可达到94.61%,而且其降解效果明显优于还原铁粉(68.34%)。     

一种新型A2/O工艺处理特性

为提高传统A2/O工艺在碳源不足情况下的脱氮除磷效率,发明了一种改良型的污水处理工艺,该工艺通过在好氧池中增设生物相选择器实现结构较好的颗粒污泥与松散絮体污泥的分离,在低污泥龄运行条件下获得了良好的同步脱氮除磷效果.当进水COD为900 mg/L,SRT分别为30 d和20 d时,新型和传统A2/O工艺其COD和TN去除率均可达到90%和70%以上,但TP去除率并不理想.当污泥龄为10 d时,新型工艺的COD,TN,TP去除率分别为(96.7±0.9)%、(83.2±2.0)%和(87.6±2.5)%,在提高除磷效率的同时保持了良好的脱氮效果.当进水COD为300 mg/L、SRT为10 d时,新型和传统A2/O工艺TN去除率分别为(77.6±1.1)%和(58.1±3.9)%,TP去除率分别为(85.4±1.2)%和(66.4±8.3)%,表明在进水基质浓度较低的条件下,新工艺优于传统工艺.另外,在SRT为10 d时,新型和传统A2/O好氧池中TN亏损比分别为22.8%和7.8%,表明新工艺TN去除率的提高得益于同步硝化反硝化,TP去除率的提高得益于低污泥龄.     

一株耐铬产碱菌的鉴定及其铬(Ⅵ)解毒特性

为了将微生物更好地应用于治理环境污染,从长期Cr(Ⅵ)污染区域筛选Cr(Ⅵ) 耐受细菌,并研究其去除Cr(Ⅵ)的特性。结果表明:筛选出1株产碱菌CQMU-1能高效除去培养体系中的Cr(Ⅵ),用于去除环境中Cr(Ⅵ)污染是可行的。7种细菌中菌株CQMU-1的Cr(Ⅵ) 耐受能力最强,经鉴定为粪产碱菌;当初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为100 mg/L、pH为6.0~8.0、温度为30℃、接种细菌浓度为0.5~2.0 g/L时,CQMU-1的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率最高,达94.6%;培养120 h后,培养液中Cr(Ⅵ)明显减少,总Cr无显著变化,菌体中Cr含量极少。     

“Waste”-ing away:Presence of Cu ions influences microbial degradation kinetics and metabolite formation of the prevalent brominated flame retardant BDE-47

<正>Have you ever wondered what happened to that old cell phone you threw out last month? How about the 150 million other cell phones that were also disposed of in the past year?Although the world population has doubled in the past 50years,global consumption of electronic devices has increased