Planning Environmental Impact Assessment Orienting Sustainable Development: Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract

Strategic Environmental Assessment is a frontier subject in the field of Environmental Impact Assessment. In the past two decades, especially in recent years, much more importance has been attached to Strategic Environmental Assessment. The Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the P.R. China which was promulgated provides a great opportunity for the development of Planning Environmental Impact Assessment and brings great challenges for the development of traditional Project Environmental Impact Assessment and Planning Environmental Impact Assessment at the same time. In order to promote the implementation of “The EIA Law”, the inherent limitations of Project Environmental Impact Assessment must be identified sufficiently and the theory research and practice of Planning Environmental Impact Assessment should be strengthened as well. Measures should be taken currently to enforce the operation system. The authors wish to offer a few references to the progress and implementation of Planning Environmental Impact Assessment in China.     

还原雷击参数的“黑匣子”——雷击在线实时监测记录仪研究

本文所研究的＂黑匣子＂是一种在线监测、记录、还原雷击参数的智能仪表,对特定环境设施（如：避雷针、低压供、配电线路与信息传输线路）入侵的雷击具备在线实时监测、记录并还原雷击参数的雷电流幅值、持续时间、极性（雷击电流走向）与波形的功能。     

内蒙古脱硝产业的经济性研究

现阶段,二氧化硫和氮氧化物排放带来的大气污染、酸雨和温室效应等问题日益严重,二氧化硫治理已经初见成效,氮氧化物的治理已经成为人们关注的重点.国家相继出台了一系列相关政策和规定限制温室气体的产生和排放；控制工业窑炉烟气污染物的新技术和新设备也相继进入实用化阶段.工作任务重、难度大,对氮氧化物减排技术改造的经济性分析,尤其重要.通过对SCR、SNCR、SCR-SNCR联合技术以及Ecotube生态管系统高效脱氮技术进行经济性分析,对内蒙古自治区脱硝产业的发展问题进行研究,提出建议.     

Environmental behavior of benalaxyl and furalaxyl enantiomers in agricultural soils

The enantioselective environmental behavior of the chiral fungicides benalaxy and furalaxyl in agricultural soils in China was studied. Although sorption onto soils was non-enantioselective, the leaching of benalaxy and furalaxyl was enantioselective in soil columns. The concentrations of the S-enantiomers of both fungicides in the leachates were higher than the R-enantiomers. This can be attributed to enantioselective degradation of the two fungicides in the soil column. Enantioselective degradation of the two fungicides was verified by soil dissipation experiments, and the R-enantiomers degraded faster than the S-enantiomers in partial soils. The half-life was 27.7–57.8 days for S-benalaxyl, 20.4–53.3 days for R-benalaxyl, 19.3–49.5 days for S-furalaxyl and 11.4–34.7 days for R-furalaxyl. The degradation process of the two fungicide enantiomers followed the first-order kinetics (R² > 0.96). Compared to furalaxyl, benalaxyl degraded more slowly and degradation was less enantioselective. These results are attributed to the influence of soil physicochemical properties, soil microorganisms, and environmental factors.     

LS-1型快速监测仪测定水中硫化物的研究

提出并建立了用硼氢化钾发生氢气作载气 ,用吸附层析柱浓缩硫化氢显色比长的快速现场监测方法 ,该方法取被测水样 50 ml,定性检出浓度为 0 0 5mg L,定量检测最低浓度为 0 1 mg L,在 0 1～ 2 0 mg L范围内显色比长线性良好 ,相对误差 (变异系数 ) 3 8% ;加标回收率 96 %～ 1 1 2 % ,研制的 LS 1型快速监测仪结构简单 ,经济费用低 ,进行水中硫化物监测只需 1 0 min,适用于现场的快速、应急监测。     

改进型升流式固体反应器处理猪粪污新工艺研究

对传统升流式固体反应器（USR）进行改进,反应器内设置专用搅拌器,搅拌器间歇开启,在保留USR各项优势的前提下,使料液与厌氧微生物接触更充分,反应温度更均匀,提高产气率,同时还解决了传统USR的“结壳”问题,提高了反应器的传质效率、甲烷产气率和COD去除效果。进料含固量在12.1%时,水利停留时间为17 d,反应器最高容积负荷达到4.9 kg COD/(m³·d),产气速率为2.55 m³/(m³·d),产气率达到0.359 m³/kg干猪粪。     

己二酸和己二酸钠强化石灰石WFGD的对比研究

在湍球塔设备上进行了己二酸和己二酸钠强化石灰石WFGD的对比研究,考察了2种添加剂对脱硫过程的强化和缓冲作用,分析计算了2种添加剂对石灰石的利用率。实验结果表明,2种添加剂可以在较低浆液pH下维持较高脱硫率,并且2种添加剂均促进了CaCO₃的溶解,在相同条件下己二酸钠有更好的脱硫效果,而己二酸有更好的缓冲作用,且己二酸促进CaCO₃溶解的效果更显著。     

交联羧甲基玉米淀粉对水溶液中铅离子吸附性能的优化研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,采用先醚化后交联改性工艺合成了交联羧甲基玉米淀粉吸附剂。在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Benhnken的中心组合试验设计及响应面分析法,研究了交联羧甲基玉米淀粉吸附剂用量、吸附时间和pH值3因素对水溶液中铅离子吸附效果的影响,得出了吸附剂对铅离子吸附效果的回归模型。结果表明,最佳吸附工艺参数为吸附剂用量0.22 g,pH值为6.6,吸附时间32.9 min,交联羧甲基玉米淀粉对铅离子吸附容量可达44.72 mg/g,铅离子去除率达到98.38%。常温下吸附动力学模型符合Freundlich等温式Q=0.4152C^0.9894。采用0.9 mol/L盐酸溶液作为解析液,铅离子回收率可达97.55%。     

利用厌氧菌发酵产物处理含铅废水及机理研究

针对传统方法去除废水中重金属铅的缺陷,利用4株厌氧微生物的发酵产物,在不同投加量、pH、温度和反应时间下研究该产物的除铅效果。通过正交实验确定了微生物发酵产物对含铅废水处理的最佳反应条件为:发酵产物投加量为0.5 g,反应时间为20 min,pH=6,温度20℃,铅的去除率99.4%以上,并用蓄电池厂的实际废水进行验证实验,获得相同的效果;同时通过扫描电子显微镜和X-射线能量散射光谱分析厌氧细菌代谢的混合物成分,对去除机理进行了初步探讨,为生物技术处理含铅废水提供了一种新方法和理论依据。     

三峡库区农业区非点源氦的平衡变化及其污染防治

针对三峡库区农业区非点源氮,建立氮平衡变化模型,并在此模型的基础上,计算三峡库区各县2001-2005年的氮平衡变化,然后汇总库区氮的输入、输出及平衡量.结果表明.库区农业区2001年氮的输人量为6.60×105t/a,输出量为1.18×105t/a,平衡世为5.42×105t/a.其中进入水体量为1.98×105 t/a;2005年全流域农业区氮的输人量为5.84 ×105,t/a,输出为1.23×105 t/a,平衡量为4.61 × 105t/a.其中进人水体量为1.75×105t/a;2001-2005年三峡库区农业区氮输入量变化为0.76×105t/a,输出量变化为0.05 × 105t/a,平衡量变化0.81×105t/a.其中进入水体氮变化昔为0.23×105t/a.研究表明,长寿区、石柱县、武隆县、江津市、丰都县、巴东县、宜昌县、兴山县和巴南区2001-2005年非点源氮进入水体量变化较大,为今后三峡库区农业区水体氮污染重点防治区,并提出了一些非点源氮污染防治对策与建议.