发挥专业救援作用，加强装备与技术保障

此次汶川大地震带给我们巨大伤痛,也引起社会各界的许多思考。就地震救援和救援过程中的个体防护问题,我们于2008年6月30日访问了中国地震局震灾应急救援司。     

Innovative PCDD/F-containing gas stream generating system applied in catalytic decomposition of gaseous dioxins over V2O5-WO3/TiO2-based catalysts

Development of effective PCDD/F (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran) control technologies is essential for environmental engineers and researchers. In this study, a PCDD/F-containing gas stream generating system was developed to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of innovative PCDD/F control technologies. The system designed and constructed can stably generate the gas stream with the PCDD/F concentration ranging from 1.0 to 100ng TEQ Nm(-3) while reproducibility test indicates that the PCDD/F recovery efficiencies are between 93% and 112%. This new PCDD/F-containing gas stream generating device is first applied in the investigation of the catalytic PCDD/F control technology. The catalytic decomposition of PCDD/Fs was evaluated with two types of commercial V(2)O(5)-WO(3)/TiO(2)-based catalysts (catalyst A and catalyst B) at controlled temperature, water vapor content, and space velocity. 84% and 91% PCDD/F destruction efficiencies are achieved with catalysts A and B, respectively, at 280 degrees C with the space velocity of 5000h(-1). The results also indicate that the presence of water vapor inhibits PCDD/F decomposition due to its competition with PCDD/F molecules for adsorption on the active vanadia sites for both catalysts. In addition, this study combined integral reaction and Mars-Van Krevelen model to calculate the activation energies of OCDD and OCDF decomposition. The activation energies of OCDD and OCDF decomposition via catalysis are calculated as 24.8kJmol(-1) and 25.2kJmol(-1), respectively.     

销轴滑动磨损条件下的极限承载力研究

目的 针对销轴在海洋环境下由于轴向滑动磨损造成的极限承载力变化进行数值模拟研究，得到销轴的极限承载力演变规律，为水下磨损结构的安全评估提供理论依据。方法 首先，运用ANSYS有限元分析软件，建立“柱-瓦”模型进行磨损计算，对滑动磨损方法进行验证。然后，建立实际销轴与锚链横档局部有限元模型，进行磨损分析，得到不同轴向滑动频率下的磨损数据。最后，计算销轴在失效准则下不同磨损深度等级(0、1、2、3 mm)的极限承载力，并根据磨损速度-磨损深度-破断力的映射关系得到其许用极限承载力和累计使用时间随磨损深度的变化曲线。结果 在典型工况(滑动频率为3 Hz)条件下，销轴连续工作约3 298 h，磨损深度可达3 mm，许用极限承载力下降14 180 N。结论 随着销轴轴向滑动频率的增加，销轴的最大磨损深度、总磨损体积、磨损速度均近似呈线性增长变化。在典型工况下，销轴许用极限承载力随着服役时间增长近似呈线性下降，且随着时间增加许用极限承载力下降趋势变缓。     

Hazardous emission from thermal drying of municipal sludge and industrial sludge as well as associated odor pollution

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Disposal of sewage sludge, a by-product of wastewater treatment, is one of the most intractable problems for environmental protection industry. The...     

Fully-automated SPE coupled to UHPLC-MS/MS method for multiresidue analysis of 26 trace antibiotics in environmental waters: SPE optimization and method validation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Achieving simultaneous determination of antibiotic multiresidues in environmental waters by solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with...     

历史演变法原理与演变曲线板

根据杨鉴初的历史演变法原理，对苏皖沪（３０°～３６°Ｎ，１１５°～１２５°Ｅ）１９７１ ～１９９７ 年最大震级（ ＭＳ） 形成的时间序列，先进行迭次平滑，再据这些逐趋光滑的地震活动历史演变曲线的外形特征及数值，找出它们之间的联系规律与各自的变化规律：超前性、近似性、准对称性与渐变性。并根据这些规律性制成时间序列演变曲线板：近似板、旋转板与折迭板，对逐年最大震级进行外延验证，以及对１９９８ 年的最大震级做出预报。结果表明：用演变曲线板量取的时间序列外延预报值，与实况的差值都能小于｜０ ．５｜ 级。     

Age and spatial distribution of the world's oldest trees

Extremely old trees have important roles in providing insights about historical climatic events and supporting cultural values, yet there has been limited work on their global distribution and conservation. We extracted information on 197,855 tree cores from 4854 sites and combined it with other tree age (e.g., the OLDLIST) data from a further 156 sites to determine the age of the world's oldest trees and quantify the factors influencing their global distribution. We found that extremely old trees >1000 years were rare. Among 30 individual trees that exceeded 2000 years old, 27 occurred in high mountains. We modeled maximum tree age with climatic, soil topographic, and anthropogenic variables, and our regression models demonstrated that elevation, human population density, soil carbon content, and mean annual temperature were key determinants of the distribution of the world's oldest trees. Specifically, our model predicted that many of the oldest trees will occur in high-elevation, cold, and arid mountains with limited human disturbance. This pattern was markedly different from that of the tallest trees, which were more likely to occur in relatively more mesic and productive locations. Global warming and expansion of human activities may induce rapid population declines of extremely old trees. New strategies, including targeted establishment of conservation reserves in remote regions, especially those in western parts of China and the United States, are required to protect these trees.     

Investigating feasible sites for multi-purpose small dams in Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province,Pakistan: socioeconomic and environmental considerations

Environment, Development and Sustainability - The low water storage capacity caused water crisis in Pakistan; therefore, the country needs both small- and large-scale reservoirs to store surplus...     

橡胶坝对河流沉积物氮转化功能基因丰度和营养盐的影响

沉积物氮转化功能微生物是河流脱氮和水体净化的重要生物因素.为探讨橡胶坝对沉积物氮转化功能基因丰度及氮营养盐的影响，本研究以沂河沂水城区蓄水段为研究对象，从橡胶坝前不同距离采集沉积物，利用实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）方法研究了沉积物的反硝化功能基因（nirS、nirK、nosZ）、厌氧氨氧化功能基因（AMX）和反硝化型甲烷厌氧氧化功能基因（pmoA）的丰度及沉积物营养盐特征.结果表明：橡胶坝促进了沉积物中nirK、nirS、nosZ和pmoA基因的聚集，反硝化功能基因nirK、nirS、nosZ丰度在坝前120 ~330 m范围内较高；橡胶坝促进了沉积物NH4+、NO3-、TN、TP、TOC、有机质（OM）等营养盐的滞留，主要在120 ~360 m区域聚集，多元线性回归模型拟合度较高.相关分析表明，16S rRNA、nirK、nirS、nosZ、pmoA基因丰度与环境因子NH4+、NO3-、TN、OM、TOC、孔隙度呈正相关；PCA分析结果表明，随着沉积物环境因子主成分的增长，氮转化功能基因丰度主成分呈升高趋势.橡胶坝可促进沂河沉积物氮素等营养盐的滞留和氮转化功能微生物的聚集.