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排序方式: 共有219条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Wang Li Lu Yixin Yang Chen Chen Chengyu Huang Weilin Dang Zhi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(29):23144-23152
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The stability of nanoparticles (NPs) in aquatic environments is important to evaluate their adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health.... 相似文献
92.
Frédérique Pougnet Jörg Schäfer Lionel Dutruch Cédric Garnier Erwan Tessier Duc Huy Dang Laurent Lanceleur Jean-Ulrich Mullot Véronique Lenoble Gérard Blanc 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(10):6640-6651
Concentrations of inorganic tin (Sninorg), tributyltin (TBT) and its degradation products dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) were measured in surface sediments and in two cores from the Toulon Bay, hosting the major French military harbour. Anticipating planned dredging, the aim of the present work is to map and evaluate for the first time the recent and historic contamination of these sediments by inorganic and organic Sn species derived from antifouling paints used for various naval domains including military, trade, tourism and leisure. Tin and butyl-Sn concentrations in the bay varied strongly (4 orders of magnitude), depending on the site, showing maximum values near the shipyards. The concentrations of total Sn (1.3–112 μg g?1), TBT (<0.5–2,700 ng g?1), DBT (<0.5–1,800 ng g?1) and MBT (0.5–1,000 ng g?1) generally decreased towards the open sea, i.e. as a function of both distance from the presumed main source and bottom currents. Progressive degradation state of the butyl-Sn species according to the same spatial scheme and the enrichment factors support the scenario of a strongly polluted bay with exportation of polluted sediment to the open Mediterranean. Low degradation and the historical records of butyl-Sn species in two 210Pb-dated sediment cores, representative of the Northern Bay, are consistent with the relatively recent use of TBT by military shipyards and confirm maximum pollution during the 1970s, which will persist in the anoxic sediments for several centuries. The results show that (a) degradation kinetics of butyl-Sn species depend on environmental conditions, (b) the final degradation product SninorgBT is by far the dominant species after 10–12 half-life periods and (c) using recent data to reliably assess former TBT contamination requires the use of a modified butyl-Sn degradation index BDImod. Resuspension of extremely contaminated subsurface sediments by the scheduled dredging will probably result in mobilization of important amounts of butyl-Sn species. 相似文献
93.
PM10中重金属的分布及其在模拟酸雨中的释放 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
运用扫描电镜-X射线能谱分析方法(SEM-EDS)和电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES),分析和测定了佛山市可吸入颗粒物(PM10)及其中重金属的赋存状态和质量分布.同时研究了模拟酸雨淋溶条件下PM10中重金属Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd的释放过程.结果表明,颗粒物在大气中存在的形态各异,主要以簇状集合体形式存在.PM10日平均浓度为0.19 mg/m3,与国家二级标准(0.15 mg/m3)相比,超标率为79%.PM10中含有一定量的Zn、Pb、Cu和Cd,其中Zn、Pb的含量要高于Cd和Cu.模拟酸雨淋溶实验显示,PM10中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd均有不同程度的释放,Cd和Zn的释放率明显高于Cu和Pb,且释放速率较快;pH值是影响4种重金属释放的主要因素,随模拟淋溶液pH值降低,重金属的释放强度显著提高. 相似文献
94.
95.
Cell culture testing with material extracts was applied to toxicity screening of some commercial degradable plastics: a plasticized
cellulose acetate, an aliphatic polyester (Bionolle), polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (Biopol), and polycaprolactone
(TONE polymer). Cell culture medium with serum was used as extraction medium. Methods for the determination of morphology
and viability of cells cultured in the extract were investigated. Phase-contrast light microscopy of cells, enhanced by neutral
red staining, provides high-contrast images for qualitative evaluation of cell morphology and lysis. Compared to the determination
of protein using the Bradford method and of neutral red uptake, the determination of dehydrogenase activity using 3-[4,5-dimethylthia-zol-2-yl]-2,5-diephenyl-tetrazolium
bromide (MTT) is more sensitive and accurate. The relative MTT activity of cells cultured in fresh extracts indicate that
TONE polymer (all shapes) and Bionolle (test bars and films) are comparable to materials currently used in the food industry
(polyethylene terephthalate, atactic and isotactic polystyrene) with no toxic effects on cells. 相似文献
96.
In this article, the NO3 radical-initiated atmospheric oxidation degradation of DDT was theoretically investigated using molecular orbital theory calculations. All the calculations of intermediates, transition states and products were performed at the MPWB1K/6-311+G(3df,2p)//MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. Several energetically favorable reaction pathways were revealed. The formation mechanisms of secondary pollutants were presented and discussed. The rate constants were deduced over the temperature range of 273–333 K using canonical variational transition-state(CVT) theory with the small curvature tunneling(SCT) method. Our study shows that H abstraction from the alkyl group and NO3 addition to the C3 atom of the benzene ring are the dominant reaction pathways. The rate-temperature formula of the overall rate constants is k(T)(DDT+NO3) =(7.21 × 10.15)exp(–153.81/T) cm3/(mol·sec) over the possible atmospheric temperature range of 273–333 K. The atmospheric lifetime of DDT determined by NO3 radical is about 52.5 days, which indicates that it can be degraded in the gas phase within several months. 相似文献
97.
98.
吸水性聚合物用于三次采油的机理是依靠这种聚合物在高含水层孔道表面产生的吸附机理与在孔道中形成的动力捕集和物理堵塞作用,在水的浸泡下,吸水性聚合物形成凝胶膨胀体,对大孔道实行封堵,起到调整吸水剖面,提高驱油效率的目的。以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料合成高吸水性聚合物凝胶,研究合成条件对聚合物凝胶吸水性能的影响,确定最佳合成条件为:当丙烯酸含量达到总量的80%左右,交联剂用量占单体总固含量的0.4%、引发剂用量占单体总固含量的0.4%、pH为5~11。实验结果表明:该聚合物凝胶适用于高含水油田调剖堵水,且可以重复使用,对储层无伤害。 相似文献
99.
Anh BT Kim DD Tua TV Kien NT Anh do T 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2011,32(2):257-262
This study was focused on determining Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) in 33 indigenous plants and 12 soil in-situ plant samples in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam. The results showed that the soils of surveyed mining areas contained 181.2- 6754.3 mg kg(-1) As, 235.5-4337.2 mg kg(-1) Pb, 0.8- 419 mg kg(-1) Cd and 361.8-17565.1 mg kg(-1) Zn depending on the characteristics of each mining site. These values are much higher than those typical for normal soil. The heavy metal uptake into shoots and roots of 33 indigenous plant species was also determined. Two species of the plants investigated, Pteris vittata L. and Pityrogramma calomelanos L. were As hyperaccumulators, containing more than 0.1% heavy metals in their shoots. Eleusine indica L., Cynodon dactylon L., Cyperus rotundus L. and Equisetum ramosissimum (Vauch) accumulate very high Pb (0.15-0.65%) and Zn (0.22-1.56%) concentration in their roots. Additional experiments to clarify the potential of six these plants as good candidates for phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution soil are being carried out in our laboratory. 相似文献
100.
Giuliani S Romano S Turetta C Cu NH Bellucci LG Capodaglio G Mugnai C Nhon DH Frignani M 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(5):1383-1392
Trace element concentrations have been measured in soil and sediment samples taken from the Thua Thien Hue (TT-H) Province and the Tam Giang-Cau Hai (TG-CH) Lagoon in 2002 and 2004. Results show that the lagoon is only slightly contaminated by elements such as Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, whereas As, probably naturally enriched in this Asian region, reaches values above the lowest internationally accepted sediment quality guidelines. Concentrations in soils are ascribable to natural sources and distributions in the TG-CH Lagoon are mainly influenced by river inputs, with Ag and Cd undergoing estuarine desorption processes. However, concentration-depth profiles of most trace elements in sediments show a recent increasing trend that might be linked to the economic development of the area. The comparison of porosity and (210)Pb depth profiles (confirmed also by Cd and As) from repeated samplings of the same core locations in the TG-CH Lagoon seems to account for a loss of 5-10 cm of surficial sediment that took place during the time interval between the two samplings. It is hypothesized that extreme meteorological events (e.g. a major typhoon that hit the area in November 2003) could be responsible for such sediment displacement. 相似文献