三重四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水中痕量磷的方法建立及在新安江水库的应用

建立了三重四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS/MS）测定地表水中痕量总磷、溶解态磷、颗粒态磷的方法，确定了ICP-MS/MS测定水中磷的仪器参数及氧气流量。研究了该方法检测水中磷元素的检出限、精密度、正确度，探索了浊度、色度及砷、铬、硫的存在对ICP-MS/MS测磷的影响。结果表明，采用高纯氧气反应ICP-MS/MS法可对地表水中的各形态痕量磷进行质量浓度检测，该方法的检出限可达0.24 μg/L，磷元素在1.00～1 000 μg/L 质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性，相关系数为0.999 5，加标回收率为 92%～103%。该方法检测速度快，抗浊度、色度及共存元素（砷、铬、硫）干扰的能力强。对新安江水库4个季度的总磷、溶解态磷、颗粒态磷进行测定，结果表明，水库总磷平均质量浓度为10～20 μg/L，ρ（溶解态磷）/ρ（总磷）为42.4%～50.9%。该方法可以满足地表水中痕量磷的快速测定及形态分析。     

The effects of accelerated carbonation on CO2 uptake and metal release from incineration APC residues

This work presents the results of a study on accelerated carbonation of incinerator air pollution control residues, with a particular focus on the modifications in the leaching behaviour of the ash. Aqueous carbonation experiments were carried out using 100% CO₂ at different temperatures, pressures and liquid-to-solid ratios, in order to assess their influence on process kinetics, CO₂ uptake and the leaching behaviour of major and trace elements. The ash showed a particularly high reactivity towards CO₂, owing to the abundance of calcium hydroxides phases, with a maximum CO₂ uptake of ～250 g/kg. The main effects of carbonation on trace metal leaching involved a significant decrease in mobility for Pb, Zn and Cu at high pH values, a slight change or mobilization for Cr and Sb, and no major effects on the release of As and soluble salts. Geochemical modelling of leachates indicated solubility control by different minerals after carbonation. In particular, in the stability pH range of carbonates, solubility control by a number of metal carbonates was clearly suggested by modelling results. These findings indicate that accelerated carbonation of incinerator ashes has the potential to convert trace contaminants into sparingly soluble carbonate forms, with an overall positive effect on their leaching behaviour.     

三峡蓄水后长江口凤鲚汛期生物学特征及捕捞量变动

分别在长江南支南门至新河水域、北港水域和圆沙至九段沙水域设置调查断面，对三峡蓄水后（2003~2011年）长江口凤鲚汛期生物学特征、渔汛特征及捕捞量进行了持续调查，并将之与蓄水前（1997~2002年）调查数据进行了对比研究。调查期内凤鲚汛期绝对怀卵量变幅为3 404~26 850粒，平均为11 554粒；相对怀卵量变幅为347~1 582粒/g，平均为783粒/g；卵径变幅为053~106 mm，平均为078 mm。凤鲚全长变幅为139~155 mm，平均为146 mm；体长变幅为123~137 mm，平均为129 mm；体重变幅为120~158 g，平均为136 g；丰满度系数变幅为0387~0466，平均为0442。2003~2011年凤鲚全长小于140 mm的个体所占比例均值为3691%，140~180 mm的个体占比为5706%；体重小于12 g的个体占比为3957%，12~20 g的个体占比为4534%。长江口凤鲚渔汛出现时水温通常介于17℃~20℃，5月中下旬至6月中旬为旺汛期，各年5月捕捞量占比变幅为3059%~8376%，平均为6117%。调查期间长江口凤鲚汛期捕捞船数量变幅为63~278艘，平均为141艘；单船全汛捕捞量变幅为3679~5 0235 kg，平均为2 4412 kg；汛期总捕捞量变幅为232~1 2569 t，平均为4223 t。三峡蓄水后长江口凤鲚渔获规格和捕捞量均出现了不同程度的下降，与历史记录相比，其资源几近枯竭，捕捞价值基本丧失。建议立即对凤鲚实施禁捕，并尽快建立繁殖场和越冬场保护区。     

Metabolic pathway of Na2 75SeO3, o‐methyl‐75Se‐cinnamic acid and 75Se‐1‐flavone,tested as potential phytodrugs

Abstract

This communication describes the metabolic pathways of selenium containing compounds such as, sodium selenite (⁷⁵Se), o‐methyl‐⁷⁵Se‐cinnamic acid and ⁷⁵Se‐1‐flavone, by the plant Brasaica Oleracea to elucidate their role in selenium flavonoid biosynthesis.     

Assessment of an Interpretive Program for U.S. Coast Guard Personnel

Abstract: The goal of this research was to measure the effect of a print-based interpretive program on acceptance by U.S. Coast Guard personnel of an endangered-species protection program. We used a within-subjects design to measure changes in eight survey items measuring beliefs about endangered species. There were significant changes in three items. The initial attitude toward endangered species was a strong predictor of subsequent response in a "regression to the mean effect" in which the least change was found in subjects with the highest initial scores on attitude items. Our results suggest that the print-based program was effective at changing the most highly targeted attitudes, but had little effect on more general attitudes.     

Loud calls as a mechanism of social coordination in a fission–fusion taxon, the white-bellied spider monkey (Ateles belzebuth)

Spider monkeys (Ateles spp.) live in social groups that exhibit high levels of fission–fusion dynamics, in which group members form subgroups of varying sizes and compositions. Within these fluid societies, how individuals establish contact with dispersed group members with whom they might choose to associate remains unclear. Long-range vocalizations might facilitate interactions between group members and provide a means of social coordination in fission–fusion societies. We evaluated this possibility for one spider monkey vocalization, the loud call, by examining calling behavior, the relationship between loud calls and changes in subgroup size, and the response of individuals to distant calls and playback experiments in a single study group. We found that 82 % of loud calls were emitted within 30 min of a call from a different location, suggesting that individuals frequently emit loud calls in response to the calls of distant group members. Subgroups that emitted loud calls, especially those that responded to distant calls, were much more likely to experience an increase in subgroup size within an hour after calling than those that did not. Animals also approached distant loud calls more than they avoided or ignored these calls. Finally, playbacks of male calls demonstrated that females respond preferentially to the calls of some individuals over others. Taken together, these results provide support for the hypothesis that spider monkey loud calls function to facilitate and initiate interactions between dispersed group members and suggest that vocal signals can play an important role in influencing social interactions in fission–fusion societies.     

Effects of habitat and landscape fragmentation on humans and biodiversity in densely populated landscapes

Landscape fragmentation has often been seen as an only ecological problem. However, fragmentation also has a societal perspective, namely, in how humans perceive landscape fragmentation and in how landscape fragmentation potentially influences human well-being. These latter aspects have rarely been addressed so far. The inter-relationship of ecological and human dimensions of landscape fragmentation becomes especially evident when looking at the landscape where most people in industrial countries live, namely in suburban and urban areas. In these areas, landscape planners and environmental managers are confronted with the problem that landscapes should fullfil various functions, often with conflicting goals, e.g. nature reserves to enhance species richness vs. recreational areas for city-dwellers. We reviewed the ecological and sociological literature relevant for fragmentation in suburban and urban landscapes. In an interdisciplinary approach, we evaluated whether there are similarities and dissimilarities between the ecological and the human aspects of landscape fragmentation. We found important similarities. An example is that for both, humans and biodiversity, the loss of semi-natural areas has more drastic effects than the fragmentation of these areas per se. However, there are also relevant differences. We concluded that in densely populated landscapes a shift from responsive planning to an intentional design of environments is therefore needed.     

温度和pH值对重组杆状病毒(AcMNPV-BmKIT-Chi)的毒力影响

研究了温度、酸碱度对重组杆状病毒(AcMNPV-BmKIT-Chi)毒力的影响.结果显示,多角体病毒在温度4~50℃,pH6.0~8.0范围内可以保持较高的毒力稳定性;不同虫龄棉铃虫幼虫对重组病毒的毒力敏感性差异显著,低虫龄对重组核型多角体病毒更为敏感;病毒对幼虫存在亚致死作用,饲毒组与对照组幼虫体重差异显著.图3表3参13