卷烟包装材料及滤嘴的生物降解性能研究

本研究以目前几种常见的卷烟包装用商标纸、卡纸、铝箔内衬纸、透明塑料薄膜以及卷烟滤嘴为实验材料，采用ATSMD-5338标准方法，进行了为期25天实验。结果表明商标纸、铝箔纸内衬纸和卡纸的生物降解性能比较好，而滤嘴和透明塑料薄膜的生物降解性能比较差。今后研究开发可降解卷烟包装材料应该把重点放在滤嘴和透明塑料薄膜上面。     

Feeding and reproductive behaviour in fallow bucks (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dama dama</Emphasis>)

Observations on individually marked fallow deer (Dama dama) in central Italy were performed over 2 years in order to analyse time budgets of four age and sex classes. The aim was to test whether feeding activity was influenced by mating activity, forage quality or physiological constraints during the rut. Only adult males (bucks) completely ceased feeding during the rutting season, well before the actual start of mating behaviour and concurrently with the phenomenon of scent-urination, and spending most of their daily time completely inactive. All other age and sex classes were unaffected in their feeding behaviour by the rutting season. Indeed, females and young males showed a marked increase in grazing in response to an improvement in forage quality from summer to autumn. These results seem to confirm the hypothesis that hypophagia, displayed only by bucks, may be of no adaptive value in itself. On the other hand, it may be a by-product of other physiological processes occurring during the rut, inducing scent-urination, which plays an important role in intraspecific recognition and sexual attraction.     

直接空冷技术原理与组成

文章介绍了发展直接空冷系统的意义和必要性,直接空冷系统的工作原理、组成和特点.     

挥发性有机物光催化降解研究进展

阐述了挥发性有机物（ＶＯＣｓ）光催化降解的基本原理，分析了气相条件下不同ＶＯＣｓ的降解途径以及Ｏ２和Ｈ２Ｏ在光催化反应中的作用、光催化反应过程的传质和动力学规律，提出了反应器设计需要遵循的基本原则，叙述了ＶＯＣｓ光催化降解的催化剂及其换活现象、已研究的ＶＯＣｓ的光催化降解效率、部分物质难光催化降解的原因，讨论了ＶＯＣｓ光催化降解进一步研究的方向和应用前景。     

MBBR泥膜复合系统泥膜竞争关系的影响因素

为探究MBBR泥膜复合硝化系统内泥膜竞争关系，通过小试试验研究了水处理过程中常规因素（污泥浓度、DO、温度、C/N）对MBBR泥膜复合系统硝化效果的影响，分析了系统内污泥容积负荷和移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR，Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor）生物膜容积负荷变化趋势，进而得出泥膜竞争规律.结果表明，MBBR泥膜复合系统容积负荷均大于单一污泥或MBBR生物膜系统的容积负荷.在一定范围内，污泥浓度、DO、温度与MBBR泥膜复合系统容积负荷呈现正相关，且系统内活性污泥在与MBBR生物膜在竞争DO和基质时优势明显，而MBBR生物膜则具有更强的耐低温能力.进水C/N与MBBR泥膜复合系统硝化负荷呈负相关，且活性污泥在应对进水C/N过高时较MBBR生物膜更具优势，MBBR的“镶嵌”则强化了系统SND效果.微生物群落变化显示MBBR泥膜复合系统内的硝化细菌优势菌属为Nitrospira，且悬浮载体生物膜对其富集能力明显高于活性污泥.     

Prenatal diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis I: A special difficulty arising from an unusually low enzyme activity in mother's cells

We investigated a case (1.1.) of the severe form of mucopolysaccharidosis I (Hurler syndrome). Prenatal diagnosis was requested by the parents and the next pregnancy was monitored. We report here a special difficulty arising in this diagnosis due to the low enzyme activity in the mother's cells (10–15 per cent of controls) as well as in amniotic cells and would like to stress the need for studying the index case as well as the parents' enzyme activities in order to be prepared for possible difficulties at prenatal analysis.     

Prenatal diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders by cordocentesis at 12 weeks' gestation

Prenatal diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders is accepted to be a useful procedure to avoid births of infants with homozygous diseases. Advances in sampling and molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and chorionic villus sampling (CVS), have made earlier and safer first-trimester prenatal diagnosis possible. However, these procedures need previous studies of at-risk couples, which can be very time-consuming when a number of different β-thalassaemia mutations occur in the region. We describe the possibility of making a first-trimester prenatal diagnosis by cordocentesis and fetal blood analysis at the 12th week of gestation. We found no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between β/γ values in fetuses at the 12th and 18th weeks of gestation. In seven affected fetuses aborted at the 12th week of gestation, the diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by PCR analysis. These findings suggest that early cordocentesis could be an alternative procedure to CVS and PCR analysis.     

中央环保督察“回头看”的市场反应——基于重污染行业上市公司的影响分析

运用事件研究法和非参数检验,探究了中央环保督察“回头看”的宣布实施对于沪深两市A股重污染行业上市公司收益情况的影响及其差异情况,结果显示：事件窗内中央环保督察“回头看”使得重污染行业上市公司的平均累计异常收益率降低至-2.005%,且这一负面冲击在时间上有延长趋势;不同公司性质、子行业的重污染行业上市公司所受影响存在显著差异.就企业性质差异而言,非国有公司累计收益率所受的负面冲击平均比国有公司高1.696%.在不同行业中,建材、制药、石化行业所受负面冲击最大,纺织、造纸、制革行业所受影响则较小.此外,市场对于火电、化工行业企业的反应并非多为负向,注重环境管理使得部分企业在中央环保督察“回头看”中得到了市场的正向回馈.建议持续推进中央环保督察“回头看”制度,以切实促进公司开展节能减排,同时,重污染行业公司特别是非国有公司以及上述行业公司应加强自身环境管理,积极进行环境信息披露,从而尽可能避免在类似的环境规制中受到负面冲击.     

宁夏土壤中PAEs污染特征及健康风险评价

采集宁夏全区6种不同土地利用类型共87个土壤样品,使用气相色谱-质谱联用检测方法（GC-MS）检测了土壤中16种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）化合物的含量,分析了不同土地利用类型土壤中PAEs污染特征和组成特征.基于主成分分析法对不同土地利用类型土壤中PAEs的可能来源进行了探讨,采用普通克里金插值法对PAEs进行空间插值分析,利用健康风险模型评价了6种PAEs单体在覆膜耕地、园地、耕地土壤中的人群健康风险.结果表明：宁夏不同土地利用类型土壤中∑₁₆PAEs含量范围为84.3~8728μg/kg,平均值为1500μg/kg,空间上表现出南北高,中间低的分布特征;在不同土地利用类型土壤中,DEHP、DnBP、DIBP是研究区土壤中最主要的污染单体,对∑₁₆PAEs总含量的平均贡献率分别为58.3%、13.9%、11.8%;主成分分析表明DnBP、DEHP、DIBP、DEP、DpHP、DMP单体之间、DBEP、BMPP单体之间具有正相关性,表明这些单体之间具有可能相似的来源;人体健康风险评价表明,6种优先控制化合物对成人和儿童产生的非致癌风险值均<1,未超过美国环保署（EPA）推荐的非致癌风险水平,对于DEHP和BBP单体,成人和儿童通过非饮食途径的致癌风险未超过美国EPA推荐的致癌风险水平,而在饮食途径下成人和儿童的致癌风险值分别为7.91×10^-6和3.08×10^-6,超过EPA推荐的致癌风险水平,应引起重视.     

Ru(bipy)32+-Ce(IV)化学发光体系检测环境水体中盐酸林可霉素

在酸性条件下,盐酸林可霉素（Lincomycin hydrochloride,LCHC）对Ru（bipy）₃²⁺-Ce（IV）化学发光体系有增敏作用,且化学发光强度随着LCHC浓度增加而增加,由此建立一种Ru（bipy）₃²⁺-Ce（IV）化学发光体系快速测定LCHC的新方法。在优化的条件下,化学发光强度与LCHC的浓度在1.0×10^-6 ~1.0×10^-3 g/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,R²=0.999 01,方法检测限为3.0×10^-7 g/mL（3S/N）。对5.0×10^-5 g/mL的LCHC 11次连续测定,其相对标准偏差（RSD）为5.0%。并将建立的流动注射-化学发光分析方法应用到3种环境水体（南明河水、雨水和自来水）中LCHC的检测。环境水体中LCHC检测结果的RSD在1.7%~5.2%之间,加标回收率在86.7%~106.7%之间,结果准确可靠,令人满意。