固体浓度对污染底泥中重金属生物沥浸去除效果的影响

采用序批式摇床,研究了固体浓度为3%~13%的底泥浓度对生物沥浸法去除污染底泥中重金属(Zn、Cu和Cr)的影响.结果表明,随着固体浓度增加,底泥pH值下降和ORP上升速率减缓,重金属的沥浸去除速率相应降低;沥浸过程中,当底泥pH值由5.0降至2.0,ORP由200 mV升至520 mV时,重金属的去除率增加最为迅速;不同浓度的处理,沥浸12 d,Zn、Cu和Cr的去除率分别为60%~85%、65%~100%和17%~35%.试验发现,底泥沥浸中pH值随时间的变化符合Boltzmann方程,此方程可估算底泥酸化进程.连续提取法对脱毒(沥浸)底泥中残留Zn、Cu和Cr的形态分级显示,底泥中未沥浸去除的重金属绝大部分以残渣态存在,环境风险较低.从经济角度考虑,固体浓度10%在底泥沥浸的实际应用中较为合适.     

微反应器矩形微通道截面高宽比对流速的影响

利用Fluent流体计算软件对矩形微通道在质量流量为0.04～0.25g/s,雷诺数在100～1100,矩形截面高宽比在0.10～1之间的层流流动进行了数值模拟研究,其中矩形微通道采用硅为材料,水作为流动介质,得出了流量相等条件下微通道截面高宽比对流速大小的影响。     

城市生活污泥低温催化热解实验研究

文章研究了在固体残留物催化作用下,不同热解温度下污泥热解产物的产率及特性。结果表明,与无催化剂相比,污泥低温热解所得的液体产率、油品产率、气体产率和固体减少率明显增加。油品最大产率所需温度从440℃降低至400℃,油品最大产率从20.5%增加到24.5%,油品的品质有一定的提高。     

Mercury in an ultraoligotrophic North Patagonian Andean lake(Argentina):Concentration patterns in different components of the water column

The deep, ultraoligotrophic piedmont lakes of Northern Patagonia (Argentina) are located in pristine and barely impacted areas, along a wide latitudinal range. Several studies have reported moderate to high total mercury (Hg) concentrations and contrasting methylmercury (CH3Hg+) production in different lake compartments. Sources of Hg for western Patagonian terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are still not clear; while point sources can be ruled out and atmospheric deposition is a plausible source, along with contribution from active volcanic areas of the Andes. In this investigation, we reported a noticeably seasonal, spatial (between lake branches), and vertical (between water column strata) heterogeneity in the total Hg concentrations found in the pelagic zone of Lake Moreno. Sterile water samples taken in a depth profile of the lake showed moderate to high concentrations of CH3Hg+ in autumn with a decreasing trend with depth. Our results indicated that Hg is largely allocated in the plankton fraction between 10–53 μm; which dominated within the euphotic (epilimnetic) zone of the lake due to the high densities attained by two species of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium. The 53–200 μm planktonic size fraction (comprising rotifers, ciliates and immature stages of crustaceans) and the 200 μm fraction (calanoid copepods and cladocerans) were found to bear strikingly lower total Hg concentrations, suggesting that the magnification of Hg at the planktonic consumer level is negligible.     

High Pressure Inactivation of HAV Within Mussels

The potential of high pressure processing to inactivate hepatitis A virus (HAV) within Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) was evaluated. HAV was bioaccumulated within mussels to approximately 6-log₁₀ PFU by exposure of mussels to HAV-contaminated seawater. After shucking, 5 min pressure treatments of 300, 325, 350, 375, and 400 MegaPascals (MPa) were performed at room temperature (18–22°C). For blue mussels, log₁₀ PFU reductions of HAV averaged 2.1 and 3.6 for treatments of 350 and 400 MPa, while for Mediterranean mussels reductions of 1.7 and 2.9 log₁₀ PFU MPa were observed for equivalent treatments. These results demonstrate that high pressure processing is capable of inactivating HAV within mussels.     

Fe^2＋/NaClO深度处理焦化废水的研究

研究采用NaClO产生的HClO代替Fenton试剂中的氧化剂H2O2,并与Fe^2＋协同处理焦化厂二级生化出水。结果表明：NaClO投加量,溶液的初始pH值,Fe^2＋投加量,反应温度和投加方式是影响Fe^2＋/NaClO处理焦化废水效果的重要因素,而反应时间对处理效果的影响不大。在相同实验条件下,Fe^2＋/NaClO协同处理焦化废水的效果优于Fenton试剂。NaClO投加量为2 mL/L,pH=3,Fe^2＋投加量为40 mg/L,反应时间为10 min,反应温度为25℃～45℃的最佳实验条件下,Fe^2＋/NaClO对CODcr的去除率和色度的去除率分别为62.2%和81.7%,剩余CODcr能降到136 mg/L,色度减小为64倍,达到了国家二级排放标准的要求。     

Fenton试剂处理难降解垃圾渗滤液的研究

采用实验方法,考察了初始pH值、FeSO4·7H2O投加量、H2O2投加量对渗滤液处理效果的影响,通过与FeCl3絮凝法的比较探讨了Fenton法处理渗滤液的机理。研究结果表明,Fenton试剂处理渗滤液的最佳条件为初始pH值4,FeSO4·7H2O（20％）投加量0．6mL／100ml,H2O2（30％）投加量3．0mL／100ml,反应2h,此条件下处理可使CODcr去除率为84．77％,色度去除率为60％。Fenton法处理渗滤波时,大分子有机物的去除主要靠氧化作用。Fenton处理可有效地将大分子有机物降解为小分子的有机物,小分子有机物主要通过絮凝去除。     

Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cu~(2+)对海洋污损生物的协同毒性效应

以东方小藤壶(Chthamalus challengengeriHoek)Ⅱ期无节幼虫作为试验对象,研究了Ca2+、Mg2+、Cu2+三种金属离子对藤壶Ⅱ期无节幼虫的单独毒性效应及协同毒性效应。研究发现Mg2+对藤壶Ⅱ期无节幼虫存在毒性效应,Ca2+基本没有毒性效应,但当Ca2+、Mg2+共同作用时对藤壶Ⅱ期幼虫的毒性效应远远大于其单独作用。Cu2+对藤壶Ⅱ期幼虫具有明显的毒性效应,并且Ca2+、Mg2+浓度的升高显著增加了铜离子的毒性效应。     

绿色荧光蛋白标记的大肠杆菌海水中稳定性研究

用绿色荧光蛋白基因( GFP) 标记大肠杆菌K12(K12GFP),检测其在海水中的存活及稳定性.研究结果表明,K12与K12GFP微生物学特性差异不显著,而且两者在高压灭菌海水中的存活曲线也基本一致,说明K12GFP可为进一步研究K12在自然海水中的生态变化提供可靠依据.在高压灭菌海水中,K12GFP存活28 d之久,该菌密度随时间缓慢下降;在过滤海水中,K12GFP存活7 ,该菌密度从107CFU/mL降到102CFU/mL.表明海水的营养成分会对其存活产生较大影响.     

不同植被覆盖与施肥管理对黑土活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响

通过长期定位试验,研究不同植被覆盖与施肥管理对黑土活性有机碳库形成及碳库管理指数ICM的影响.采用33、167、333 mmol·L-13种浓度KMnO4氧化法测定土壤高活性有机碳、中等活性有机碳和活性有机碳含量.结果表明,在相同时段、相同母质和地形气候条件下,不同植被覆盖与施肥管理措施对黑土的活性有机碳库形成及ICM均有显著影响.人工模拟自然生态系统草地处理,22 a间0-20 cm表层土壤有机碳比耕地施用化肥处理增加13.2%,活性有机碳增加39.9%,ICM增加51.4;农田生态系统化肥配施有机肥处理.14 a间0-20cm表层土壤有机碳比耕地施用化肥处理增加25.48%,活性有机碳增加30.71%,ICM增加33.0.IC与各活性有机碳的相关系数为活性有机碳(0.982)＞高活性有机碳(0.955)＞中等活性有机碳(0.652).总有机碳、总有机氮与3种活性有机碳在a=0.01或a=0.05水平上相关显著.