三峡蓄水后长江口凤鲚汛期生物学特征及捕捞量变动

分别在长江南支南门至新河水域、北港水域和圆沙至九段沙水域设置调查断面,对三峡蓄水后（2003~2011年）长江口凤鲚汛期生物学特征、渔汛特征及捕捞量进行了持续调查,并将之与蓄水前（1997~2002年）调查数据进行了对比研究。调查期内凤鲚汛期绝对怀卵量变幅为3 404~26 850粒,平均为11 554粒;相对怀卵量变幅为347~1 582粒/g,平均为783粒/g;卵径变幅为053~106 mm,平均为078 mm。凤鲚全长变幅为139~155 mm,平均为146 mm;体长变幅为123~137 mm,平均为129 mm;体重变幅为120~158 g,平均为136 g;丰满度系数变幅为0387~0466,平均为0442。2003~2011年凤鲚全长小于140 mm的个体所占比例均值为3691%,140~180 mm的个体占比为5706%;体重小于12 g的个体占比为3957%,12~20 g的个体占比为4534%。长江口凤鲚渔汛出现时水温通常介于17℃~20℃,5月中下旬至6月中旬为旺汛期,各年5月捕捞量占比变幅为3059%~8376%,平均为6117%。调查期间长江口凤鲚汛期捕捞船数量变幅为63~278艘,平均为141艘;单船全汛捕捞量变幅为3679~5 0235 kg,平均为2 4412 kg;汛期总捕捞量变幅为232~1 2569 t,平均为4223 t。三峡蓄水后长江口凤鲚渔获规格和捕捞量均出现了不同程度的下降,与历史记录相比,其资源几近枯竭,捕捞价值基本丧失。建议立即对凤鲚实施禁捕,并尽快建立繁殖场和越冬场保护区。     

Degradation and metabolite formation of 17beta-estradiol-3-sulphate in New Zealand pasture soils

Estrogens-sulphates such as 17beta-estradiol-3-sulphate and estrone-3-sulphate are excreted by livestock in the urine. These conjugates are precursors to the free counterparts 17beta-estradiol and estrone, which are endocrine disrupting chemicals. In this study microcosm laboratory experiments were conducted in three pasture soils from New Zealand to study the aerobic degradation and metabolite formation kinetics of 17beta-estradiol-3-sulphate at three different incubation temperatures. The degradation of 17beta-estradiol-3-sulphate followed a first-order kinetic and the temperature dependence of the rate constants was sufficiently described by the Arrhenius equation. Degradation was different between the three investigated soils and the rate constants across the soils were significantly correlated to the arylsulphatase activity at 7.5 and 15 degrees C. Estrone-3-sulphate and 17beta-estradiol were identified as primary metabolites and estrone as a secondary metabolite. Results suggest arylsulphatase activity originating from soil microbial biomass is the main driver for the degradation of 17beta-estradiol-3-sulphate.     

城市大型公共建筑火灾风险因素影响程度及可能性分析

火灾风险因素影响程度及风险可能性分析是城市大型公共建筑火灾风险评估的重要环节.筛选了城市大型公共建筑火灾风险的关键风险因素,构建了城市大型公共建筑火灾风险关联因素评估体系.通过集合决策实验室分析法(DEMATEL)和解释结构模型法(ISM)计算了各关键风险因素的影响度、被影响度、中心度和原因度,探究了各项关键风险因素之间的相互影响关系及其对城市大型公共建筑火灾风险的综合影响程度,并建立了城市大型公共建筑火灾风险指标的多级递阶结构模型.在DEMATEL-ISM法的基础上,提出了用于城市大型公共建筑火灾风险可能性分析的基于集合改进层次分析法(IAHP)与模糊综合评价法(FCE)理论的可量化分析方法,并以某体育场馆为例,采用IAHP-FCE分析法对其火灾风险的可能性进行了定量分析.结果表明:DEMATEL-ISM方法有助于合理量化火灾风险指标权重和减弱主观性特征;基于实例验证了 IAHP-FCE的风险可能性分析方法的有效性,为实现高效、合理的城市大型公共建筑火灾风险评估提供了理论支撑.     

电站锅炉的压力管道管理和检验要求分析

电站锅炉的压力管道参数较高,存在着较大的安全风险,一旦发生事故,后果往往十分严重.电站锅炉的压力管道在按照"锅炉"或"压力管道"进行管理时,设计、制造、安装等阶段管理要求存在交叉或不清晰的情况.进行定期检验时,又有按锅炉范围内管道或工业管道(含动力管道)执行不同技术规范的情况.本文通过按"锅炉"和"压力管道"管理时执行...     

焦化废水深度处理试验研究

采用BC法＋复合过滤技术工艺对焦化废水生化出水进行深度处理试验。结果表明,在SE混凝剂投药量为30 mg/L、BC池停留时间为1.5 h、复合过滤器水力负荷为2.4 m³/（m²·h）的条件下,当深度处理进水水质为COD＝196.1 mg/L、色度＝120倍、NH₃-N＝35.1 mg/L时,其去除率分别为74.7%、86.7%和69.7%,出水可达回用水要求。     

温岭市制鞋业产排污系数的核算研究

针对温岭市制鞋业原料、工艺、产品基本相同的特点,筛选大、中、小3种规模的制鞋企业进行抽样调查.采用查询历史资料、票据核查、实地勘察和现场监测相结合的办法,收集相关数据,分别用物料衡算法和监测法核算制鞋业的产排污系数.随机选取3家企业对主要污染因子甲苯的产污系数进行验证.应用偏差在-11%～19%.     

中国不可再生能源消耗压力驱动与强度分解

随着煤炭、石油、天然气等不可再生能源的掠夺式开采的日益严重,中国不可再生能源供需缺口日渐放大,来自于经济增长和消耗强度的冲击使得中国不可再生能源消耗压力逐年增大.在对不可再生能源供需缺口以及消耗构成分析的基础上,运用IPAT方程、LMDI分解法,对中国不可再生能源消耗压力的驱动因素进行实证分析,针对作为主要驱动因素的不可再生能源消耗强度,运用费雪指数分解法进行二次结构、效率效应分解,并就分析结果作出具体剖析.研究结论如下:①中国不可再生能源消耗压力呈现“谷峰交替”型变动趋势,消耗压力的增加主要源于经济因素的驱动,消耗压力的减弱主要源于消耗强度的抑制性驱动作用;②结构效应指数对不可再生能源消耗强度的变动发挥主要影响作用,产业结构的低碳化调整会促进工业部门内部消耗强度的降低,从而达到拉动不可再生能源整体消耗强度降低的目标.     

Investigation of ZnO nanoparticles’ ecotoxicological effects towards different soil organisms

Introduction  

Nanomaterials have widespread applications in several industrial sectors. ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most commonly used metal oxide NPs in personal care products, coating and paints. However, their potential toxicological impact on the environment is largely unexplored.     

Assessment of Ni accumulation capability by fungi for a possible approach to remove metals from soils and waters

ABSTRACT

Abandoned industrial sites and mines may constitute possible hazards for surrounding environment due to the presence of toxic compounds that may contaminate soils and waters. The possibility to remove metal contaminants, specifically nickel (Ni), by means of fungi was presented exploiting a set of fungal strains isolated from a Ligurian dismissed mine. The achieved results demonstrate the high Ni(II) tolerance, up to 500 mg Ni l^?1, and removal capability of a Trichoderma harzianum strain. This latter hyperaccumulates up to 11,000 mg Ni kg^?1, suggesting its possible use in a bioremediation protocol able to provide a sustainable reclamation of broad contaminated areas.     

Raw sugarcane bagasse as carbon source for xylanase production by Paenibacillus species: a potential degrader of agricultural wastes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Paenibacillus species isolated from a variety of natural sources have shown to be important glycoside hydrolases producers. These enzymes play a key...