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排序方式: 共有51条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
Mora MA Baxter C Sericano JL Montoya AB Gallardo JC Rodríguez-Salazar JR 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(12):3433-3438
Eggs from aplomado falcons (Falco femoralis septentrionalis) nesting in Chihuahua and Veracruz, Mexico, were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and PBDEs. p,p′-DDE was the only organochlorine found in all eggs at concentrations ranging from 0.13 to 7.85 μg/g wet weight. PCBs ranged from 0.04 to 2.80 μg/g wet weight and PBDEs from 62 to 798 ng/g lipid weight. DDE concentrations in eggs were not significantly different among regions; however, PCBs were significantly greater (P = 0.015) in Tinaja Verde, Chihuahua than in the other three regions. Also, PBDEs were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in eggs from Veracruz than in those from Chihuahua. DDE concentrations in eggs were much lower than those associated with eggshell thinning. PBDEs and PCBs were lower than those reported in raptors from industrialized countries. Overall, contaminant concentrations observed suggest no likely impact on hatching success. The PBDE concentrations are among the first to be reported in raptor species in Mexico. 相似文献
32.
Environmental Management - Constructed stormwater wetlands (CSWs) are used to address contaminants in urban stormwater such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), but their performance is variable.... 相似文献
33.
Keith Willett David M. Mitchell H. L. Goodwin Baxter Vieux Jennie S. Popp 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2006,49(2):181-207
The Illinois River Basin in eastern Oklahoma and northwest Arkansas is an example of a region where significant growth in poultry production has been accompanied by water quality problems. The primary concern in the basin is the problem of phosphorus in runoff that is associated with application of litter to crops. Existing data suggest that there has been a continuing decline in the quality of water in the Illinois River, and discussions have focused on developing and implementing a phosphorus standard. The specific objectives of this study are to estimate the reduction in poultry production necessary to achieve the reduction in phosphorus runoff under a set of phosphorus constraints, including soil test phosphorus, and to estimate the opportunity costs of reducing poultry production in the basin under each phosphorus constraint on the economic activity in the watershed. A mathematical programming model that incorporates poultry production and cropping decisions is developed. The parameters for the model are identified and then it is solved to provide a base solution. Model solutions are then developed for the different policy target levels of phosphorus. The model structure is modified to account for the presence of soil test phosphorus levels and the corresponding limits on soil test phosphorus throughout the basin. This formulation includes current soil test phosphorus throughout the basin. All of the applications assume that the only disposal option for poultry litter is land application within the basin. An economic impact assessment of the effects of phosphorus limitations in the basin is also conducted for Arkansas counties only, Oklahoma counties only, and all five affected counties combined. 相似文献
34.
G.T. Cook M.S. Baxter H.J. Duncan R. Malcolmson 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》1984,1(2):119-131
Geochemical associations of plutonium and artificial γ-emitting radionuclides have been investigated in soils and marine particulate material from the immediate vicinity of the Dounreay Nuclear Power Development Establishment (DNPDE) Caithness. The artificial radionuclides present in these materials arise from a variety of sources: world-wide nuclear weapons test fallout, direct deposition from atmospheric discharges at DNPD, and the return to land of activity previously discharged to sea (containing contributions from Dounreay and Sellafield). The levels, although sufficient to permit satisfactorily low counting errors, are of negligible radiological significance, the plutonium being more than 1000 times less than the NRPB Generalised Derived Limit (GDL) for well-mixed soil. Sequential leaching using selective extractants was performed to quantify the percentages of each nuclide in the following notional fractions: (a) readily available, (b) exchangeable and bound at specific adsorption sites, (c) chelated as insoluble organic complexes, (d) associated with sesquioxides, and (e) residual. Plutonium was found to be associated mainly with phases (c) and (d), while the γ-emitters present in the marine particulate material showed quite varied distributions. The degree of chemical fixation in the particulates follows the sequence 40K137Cs106Ru125Sb239,240Pu144Ce60Co154,155Eu. 相似文献
35.
36.
Sequential leaching of Clyde Sea Area and Loch Etive sediments suggests that partitioning of Sellafield (formerly Windscale)-derived 137Cs is related, to a larger than expected extent, to the concentration of sedimentary oxides, organics and, less importantly, carbonates. These components act to prevent 137Cs release from clay mineral exchange sites. Leaching of wet sediments appears to provide quite different and presumably more realistic information on nuclide associations relative to that produced by leaching dry ground sediments. The latter 137Cs partitioning data appear to overestimate the degree of 137Cs fixation in these coastal deposits. Because of the observed partial association of 137Cs with nonclay constituents, diagenetic remobilisation of the nuclide is in theory feasible and a preliminary study suggests its occurrence to a minor degree. 相似文献
37.
Three preparations of humic material (a commercial humic acid and material isolated from soil and from water) were analysed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gradient gel slabs. All gave similar patterns showing four bands of material of molecular weights apparently ranging from a few hundred to about 20,000 as estimated by comparing their mobilities with those of protein markers. The high molecular weight material from bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) showed similar patterns with the addition of completely unresolved material of molecular weight up to about 100,000.
Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide slabs may prove valuable for the study of humic substances and other ill-defined polymeric materials. 相似文献
38.
E. H. Baxter G. Mulamoottil Dennis Gregor 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1985,21(1):83-88
ABSTRACT: The traditional solution to stormwater runoff from housing developments has been stormwater sewer systems. A newer and increasingly popular solution is some sort of impoundment or “lake” within the development, which is thought to be cheaper, to provide recreation, to improve the aesthetics of the environment, and to increase property values. Little is known of the acceptability of these to public officials, developers, or potential residents, or of their policy implications. Two such developments in Mississauga, Ontario, were studied, in terms of the perceptions and opinions of a random sample of residents and of officials who had been involved in their planning and management. The areas have attracted a relatively young group, just beginning their child-bearing years, with relatively high income and education. The lakes appear to be popular, and relatively successful, especially the one which provides more recreational opportunities, and which has had fewer maintenance problems. The major problems are visual and safety. The City, and to some extent the developers, are seen as the appropriate groups to manage and maintain the lakes. Some suggestions, based on residents' and officials' responses, are presented for future designs and policy formulation. 相似文献
39.
Seasonal phosphatase activity in three characteristic soils of the English uplands polluted by long-term atmospheric nitrogen deposition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phosphomonoesterase activities were determined monthly during a seasonal cycle in three characteristic soil types of the English uplands that have been subject to long-term atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Activities (micromol para-nitrophenol g(-1) soil dry wt. h(-1)) ranged between 83.9 and 307 in a blanket peat (total carbon 318 mg g(-1). pH 3.9), 45.2-86.4 in an acid organic grassland soil (total carbon 354 mg g(-1), pH 3.7) and 10.4-21.1 in a calcareous grassland soil (total carbon 140 mg g(-1) pH 7.3). These are amongst the highest reported soil phosphomonoesterase activities and confirm the strong biological phosphorus limitation in this environment. 相似文献
40.
Neumann P Pirk CW Hepburn HR Solbrig AJ Ratnieks FL Elzen PJ Baxter JR 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2001,88(5):214-216
Worker honeybees (Apis mellifera capensis) encapsulate the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida), a nest parasite, in propolis (tree resin collected by the bees). The encapsulation process lasts 1-4 days and the bees have a sophisticated guarding strategy for limiting the escape of beetles during encapsulation. Some encapsulated beetles died (4.9%) and a few escaped (1.6%). Encapsulation has probably evolved because the small hive beetle cannot easily be killed by the bees due to its hard exoskeleton and defensive behaviour. 相似文献