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781.
Xiaoguang Li Ying Zhao Beidou Xi Xiaoguang Meng Bin Gong Rui Li Xing Peng Hongliang Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(2):8-17
In this study, a novel nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) composite material was successfully synthesized using a low-cost natural clay, “Hangjin 2# clay” (HJ clay) as the support and tested for the decolorization of the azo dye Methyl Orange (MO) in aqueous solution by nZVI particles. According to the characterization and MO decolorization experiments, the sample with 5:1 HJ clay-supported nZVI (HJ/nZVI) mass ratio (HJ-nZVI5) showed the best dispersion and reactivity and the highest MO decolorization efficiency. With the same equivalent Fe0 dosage, the HJ-nZVI1 and HJ-nZVI5 samples demonstrated a synergetic effect for the decolorization of MO: their decolorization efficiencies were much higher than that achieved by physical mixing of HJ clay and nZVIs, or the sum of HJ clay and nZVIs alone. The synergetic effect was primarily due to the improved dispersion and more effective utilization of the nZVI particles on/in the composite materials. Higher decolorization efficiency of MO was obtained at larger HJ-nZVI dosage, higher temperature and under N2 atmosphere, while the MO initial concentration and pH were negatively correlated to the efficiency. HJ clay not only works as a carrier for nZVI nanoparticles, but also contributes to the decolorization through an “adsorption-enhanced reduction” mechanism. The high efficiency of HJ-nZVI for decontamination gives it great potential for use in a variety of remediation applications. 相似文献
782.
Yan M Yi Shi Deyi Hou Xi Zhang Jiaqi Chen Zhifen Wang Zhu Xu Fasheng Li Xiaoming Du 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(4):328-335
Mechanical soil aeration is a simple, effective, and low-cost soil remediation technology that is suitable for sites contaminated with volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons(VCHs). Conventionally, this technique is used to treat the mixed soil of a site without considering the diversity and treatability of different soils within the site. A laboratory test was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical soil aeration for remediating soils of different textures(silty,clayey, and sandy soils) along a vertical profile at an abandoned chloro-alkali chemical site in China. The collected soils were artificially contaminated with chloroform(TCM) and trichloroethylene(TCE). Mechanical soil aeration was effective for remediating VCHs(removal efficiency 98%). The volatilization process was described by an exponential kinetic function.In the early stage of treatment(0–7 hr), rapid contaminant volatilization followed a pseudofirst order kinetic model. VCH concentrations decreased to low levels and showed a tailing phenomenon with very slow contaminant release after 8 hr. Compared with silty and sandy soils, clayey soil has high organic-matter content, a large specific surface area, a high clay fraction, and a complex pore structure. These characteristics substantially influenced the removal process, making it less efficient, more time consuming, and consequently more expensive. Our findings provide a potential basis for optimizing soil remediation strategy in a cost-effective manner. 相似文献
783.
Tao Wang Zhonghuan Xi Minmin Wu Qianqian Zhang Shiqi Sun Jing Yin Yanchi Zhou Hao Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(5):118-128
This paper focused on the pollution characteristics,sources and lung cancer risk of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in a new urban district of Nanjing,China.Gaseous and aerosol PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than2.5 urn) samples were collected in spring of 2015.Sixteen PAHs were extracted and analyzed after sampling.Firstly,arithmetic mean concentrations of PAHs and BaP_(eq)(benzo[a]pyrene equivalent) were calculated.The mean concentrations of PAHs were 29.26±14.13,18.14±5.37 and 48.47±16.03 ng/m~3 in gas phase,particle phase and both phases,respectively.The mean concentrations of BaP_(eq) were 0.87±0.51,2.71±2.17 and 4.06±2.31 ng/m~3 in gas phase,particle phase and both phases,respectively.Secondly,diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis were adopted to identify the sources of PAHs and the outcomes were the same:traffic exhaust was the predominant source followed by fuel combustion and industrial process.Finally,incremental lung cancer risk(ILCR) induced by whole year inhalation exposure to PAHs for population groups of different age and gender were estimated based on a Monte Carlo simulation.ILCR values caused by particle phase PAHs were greater than those caused by gas phase PAHs.ILCR values for adults were greater than those for other age groups.ILCR values caused by total(gas + particle) PAHs for diverse groups were all greater than the significant level(10~6),indicating high potential lung cancer risk.Sensitivity analysis results showed that cancer slope factor for BaP inhalation exposure and BaP_(eq) concentration had greater impact than body weight and inhalation rate on the ILCR. 相似文献
784.
底泥营养盐释放对淀山湖湖区造成的内源污染不容忽视.采用室外采样和室内模拟实验方法,对春夏两季淀山湖沉积物-水界面氮磷释放速率进行了研究.结果表明春季氨氮、硝态氮、可溶磷的的通量变化范围分别为-692.79~315.82 mg/(m2?h)、-19.04~5.29 mg/(m2?h)和-1.35~2.31 mg/(m2?h),平均值分别为76.65 mg/(m2?h)、-3.29 mg/(m2?h)和0.64 mg/(m2?h).夏季三者变化范围分别为-74.15~91.91 mg/(m2?h)、-70.71 mg/(m2?h)~8.65 mg/(m2?h)和-10.02~18.86 mg/(m2?h),平均值为4.85 mg/(m2?h)、-42.16 mg/(m2?h)和9.47 mg/(m2?h).淀山湖区春夏两季总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的交换总量分别为-1769.22 t,1539.40 t,淀山湖底泥可以有效去除上覆水体氮负荷,但却是水体磷的释放源. 相似文献
785.
研究了O_3/H_2O_2催化氧化对苯二酚的去除效果及氧化过程中产物的急性毒性变化情况,并探讨了O_3/H_2O_2催化氧化对苯二酚的反应机理。结果表明:O_3/H_2O_2在中性条件下氧化对苯二酚反应中,通过H_2O_2和O_3分子联合作用(O_3投加量为210 mg/L、H_2O_2投加量为0.15%)可完全去除对苯二酚(浓度为150 mg/L)以及42%的TOC。以污染物在水环境中对发光细菌的抑光率为毒性指标,反应过程中的毒性作用先增大后减小。O_3/H_2O_2氧化是一种高效去除酚类化合物、降低急性毒性的方法,具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
786.
桂林毛村不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸空间变异特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了研究岩溶非岩溶交错区不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸的空间变异特征及其影响因素,在桂林毛村进行野外观测试验,测定了土壤呼吸速率、δ~(13)C-CO_2值及相应的环境、土壤、植被因子,分析了土壤呼吸的空间变异性及与这些因子之间的关系.结果表明,土壤呼吸速率变化范围为1. 39~5. 31μmol·(m2·s)-1,最高值约为最低值的3. 8倍.毛村不同岩性区下土地利用方式的变化对土壤呼吸具有重要影响,相同岩性区土地利用方式改变前G2点松树林的土壤呼吸速率约为半坡毁林后G1点沙糖桔园的2. 3倍.土壤呼吸导致大气中CO_2浓度增高及δ~(13)C-CO_2值降低,并且两者之间的统计关系可以用反比例函数来描述.结果还发现,在水热条件与全年均值较接近的4月中旬,土地利用方式对土壤呼吸的影响要大于土壤温度、土壤湿度等环境因子.土地利用方式造成的土壤有机碳含量不同是影响土壤呼吸空间变异性的关键因子.在所有观测的生态系统中,土壤呼吸与有机碳含量和全氮含量之间的关系可以用二元线性回归方程描述,并能解释土壤呼吸92. 5%的空间变异性. 相似文献
787.
788.
789.
790.
Total suspended matter observation in the Pearl River estuary from in situ and MERIS data 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Based on the cruise data collected in the Pearl River estuary (PRE) in May 2008, an empirical two-band model by using the ratio of R rs at 629 and 671 nm was established to retrieve total suspended matter (TSM) concentration with the determination coefficient (R2) of 0.854, mean relative error (MRE) of 7.483%, and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.295 mg L???1. To match with medium resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS) bands, in situ remote sensing reflectance was re-sampled to the bandwidth of 10 nm. The relationship between TSM and re-sampled R rs at 620 nm (MERIS band 6) and 665 nm (MERIS band 7) are obtained (R2 = 0.748, RMSE = 1.697 mg L???1, MRE = 8.785%, n = 13). Additionally, to map the spatial distribution of TSM in the PRE, MERIS level_1B data were calibrated using a multiple linear regression model based on in situ R rs. Another dataset collected in the PRE in January 2004 was used to validate the two-band model and also applied to map TSM distribution from MERIS image. The comparison between measured TSM values and modeled ones showed satisfactory results (R2 = 0.753, MRE = 22.199%, and RMSE = 2.603 mg L???1). 相似文献