全文获取类型
收费全文 | 483篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 15篇 |
废物处理 | 8篇 |
环保管理 | 99篇 |
综合类 | 73篇 |
基础理论 | 122篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 120篇 |
评价与监测 | 32篇 |
社会与环境 | 37篇 |
灾害及防治 | 5篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 13篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 22篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 32篇 |
2015年 | 26篇 |
2014年 | 25篇 |
2013年 | 45篇 |
2012年 | 30篇 |
2011年 | 48篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 18篇 |
2008年 | 26篇 |
2007年 | 17篇 |
2006年 | 16篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 2篇 |
1942年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有512条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
171.
Matthew D. Turner Bilal Butt Aditya Singh Leif Brottem Augustine Ayantunde Bruno Gerard 《Journal of Land Use Science》2016,11(1):76-95
A new approach was developed to evaluate the implications of the spatiotemporal variability of green vegetation for the dispersion of livestock that is required to access quality forage in semi-arid Africa. Maximum NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) at 1 km2 resolution was determined for concentric rings (0–31 km radii) around 227 individual sample locations within the study area for 14 dates (between 1 April to 1 November) annually over the 2000–2010 period. A sigmoidal curve was fitted to points within the maximum NDVI × distance radii space to determine the asymptote distance (AD) – the radius at which further dispersion from the sample location does not lead to significant gains in access to green forage. AD was found to: increase with latitude (or increasing aridity); decline as the rainy season proceeds; and show no trend over the 2000–2010 period. These results introduce much-needed empirical data to current debates surrounding the scales of governance to support livestock mobility. 相似文献
172.
Klein CJ Jupiter SD Selig ER Watts ME Halpern BS Kamal M Roelfsema C Possingham HP 《Ecological applications》2012,22(4):1246-1256
Coral reefs are threatened by human activities on both the land (e.g., deforestation) and the sea (e.g., overfishing). Most conservation planning for coral reefs focuses on removing threats in the sea, neglecting management actions on the land. A more integrated approach to coral reef conservation, inclusive of land-sea connections, requires an understanding of how and where terrestrial conservation actions influence reefs. We address this by developing a land-sea planning approach to inform fine-scale spatial management decisions and test it in Fiji. Our aim is to determine where the protection of forest can deliver the greatest return on investment for coral reef ecosystems. To assess the benefits of conservation to coral reefs, we estimate their relative condition as influenced by watershed-based pollution and fishing. We calculate the cost-effectiveness of protecting forest and find that investments deliver rapidly diminishing returns for improvements to relative reef condition. For example, protecting 2% of forest in one area is almost 500 times more beneficial than protecting 2% in another area, making prioritization essential. For the scenarios evaluated, relative coral reef condition could be improved by 8-58% if all remnant forest in Fiji were protected rather than deforested. Finally, we determine the priority of each coral reef for implementing a marine protected area when all remnant forest is protected for conservation. The general results will support decisions made by the Fiji Protected Area Committee as they establish a national protected area network that aims to protect 20% of the land and 30% of the inshore waters by 2020. Although challenges remain, we can inform conservation decisions around the globe by tackling the complex issues relevant to integrated land-sea planning. 相似文献
173.
Marie Vagner Benjamin de Montgolfier Jean-Marie Sévigny Réjean Tremblay Céline Audet 《Marine Biology》2014,161(5):985-999
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dietary highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) deficiency on winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus metamorphosis by examining the growth and the expression of genes involved in some key metabolic processes: lipid digestion, oxidative stress, and growth. Three groups of fish were fed rotifers enriched with different blends of microalgae providing different HUFA profiles: (1) a diet comprising a mixture of three microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata, Isochrysis galbana, and Pavlova lutheri (Cocktail diet), which contained a balanced combination of ecosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA); (2) the N. oculata diet (Nanno diet), with a low level of DHA; and (3) the I. galbana diet (Tiso diet), characterized by low levels of EPA and AA. The results indicate that the need for DHA increased from settlement and for EPA and AA from 15 days after settlement. The lower HUFA content in the Tiso and Nanno diets did not affect larval development or lipid reserve accumulation. The superoxide dismutase gene expression suggests a reduced oxidative stress in the Cocktail group, and overall results indicate that gh gene expression could be a valuable indicator of development at the molecular level in response to dietary HUFA quality during metamorphosis in winter flounder. 相似文献
174.
Benjamin Geffroy Noëlle Bru Simplice Dossou-Gbété Cédric Tentelier Agnès Bardonnet 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2014,68(7):1073-1083
The emergence of an animal’s personality is the result of interactions between genetics, environment and experience. It is known that individuals are able to modulate their behaviour according to the context or the social environment. Many studies have shown for example, that familiarity among conspecifics diminishes aggressiveness, although little is known about the underlying processes. Nevertheless, personality traits have long been determined while ignoring the social context, especially in lower vertebrates such as fish. In the present experiment, we hypothesize that group connections (network density) may be positively correlated to consistency of aggressiveness by avoiding over-aggressive acts in further encounters. To test this hypothesis, we used eels (Anguilla anguilla) as a model species and monitored both aggressiveness and sociability in 64 individuals over their first 7 months of growth from the glass eel stage. As expected, social fish were less aggressive than their non-social counterparts at all times, highlighting the existence of a behavioural syndrome in eels. Additionally, rank-order consistency of aggressiveness was higher in groups of fish with high social connectivity, compared to those in less-connected fish groups. While aggressiveness must be consistent to be considered a personality trait, our results suggest that both aggressiveness and its consistency are influenced by initial social context. 相似文献
175.
176.
Raia-Silvia Massad Andrée Tuzet Benjamin Loubet Alain Perrier Pierre Cellier 《Ecological modelling》2010,221(3):479-494
Agricultural crops can be either a source or a sink of ammonia (NH3). Most NH3 exchange models developed so far do not account for the plants nitrogen (N) metabolism and use prescribed compensation points. We present here a leaf-scale simplified NH3 stomatal compensation point model related to the plants N and carbon (C) metabolisms, for C3 plants. Five compartments are considered: xylem, cytoplasm, apoplasm, vacuole and sub-stomatal cavity. The main processes accounted for are the transport of ammonium (NH4+), NH3 and nitrate (NO3−) between the different compartments, NH4+ production through photorespiration and NO3− reduction, NH4+ assimilation, chemical and thermodynamic equilibriums in all the compartments, and stomatal transfer of NH3.The simulated compensation point is sensitive to paramaters related to the apoplastic compartment: pH, volume and active transport rate. Determining factors are leaf temperature, stomatal conductance and NH4+ flux to the leaf. Atmospheric NH3 concentration seem to have very little effect on the compensation point in conditions of high N fertilization. Comparison of model outputs to experimental results show that the model underestimates the NH3 compensation point for high N fertilization and that a better parametrisation of sensitive parameters especially active trasport rate of NH4+ may be required. 相似文献
177.
Sitthipong Wongvilas Jessica S. Higgs Madeleine Beekman Wandee Wattanachaiyingcharoen Sureerat Deowanish Benjamin P. Oldroyd 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(7):1165-1170
The dwarf honeybees Apis florea and Apis andreniformis are sympatric in Southeast Asia. We examined undisturbed nests of both species finding that heterospecific workers are present
in some nests at low frequency. This suggested that workers may enter heterospecific nests as a prelude to reproductive parasitism.
To test this hypothesis, we created mixed-species colonies and determined the reproductive response of workers within them
based on molecular markers. In queenless colonies, workers of both species activated their ovaries at equal frequency. However,
the majority species, A. florea, had complete reproductive dominance over A. andreniformis, most likely because the A. florea workers recognised and removed heterospecific larvae. In queenright mixed-species colonies, workers responded to heterospecific
signals of the presence of the queen and did not activate their ovaries. Thus, despite predictions from kin selection theory
that workers would benefit from parasitising heterospecific nests, we find no evidence that selection has established a parasitic
strategy in these sibling species. 相似文献
178.
Philip T. Chao Benjamin F. Hobbs Boddu N. Venkatesh 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(6):1485-1497
ABSTRACT: In two workshops, we evaluated decision analysis methods for comparing Lake Erie levels management alternatives under climate change uncertainty. In particular, we wanted to see how acceptable and effective those methods could be in a public planning setting. The methods evaluated included simulation modeling, scenario analysis, decision trees and structured group discussions. We evaluated the methods by interviewing the workshop participants before and after the workshops. The participants, who were experienced Great Lakes water resources managers, concluded that simulation modeling is user-friendly enough to enable scenario analysis even in workshop settings for large public planning studies. They felt that simulation modeling can improve not only understanding of the system, but also of the options for managing it. Scenario analysis revealed that the decision for the case study, Lake Erie water level regulation, could be altered by the likelihood of climate change. The participants also recommended that structured group discussions be used in public planning settings to elicit ideas and opinions. On the other hand, the participants were less optimistic about decision trees because they felt that the public might view subjective probabilities as difficult to understand and subject to manipulation. 相似文献
179.
Benjamin Felzer Preston Heard 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(6):1327-1339
ABSTRACT: Two general circulation models (GCMs) used in the U.S. national assessment of the potential consequences of climate variability and change (CGCM1 and HadCM2) show a large increase in precipitation in the future over the southwestern U.S., particularly during winter. This precipitation increase is an extension of a larger region of increased precipitation in the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of North America that is associated with a deepened and southward-shifted Aleutian Low, a weaker subtropical high, and warmer sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The models differ in their simulation of precipitation anomalies over the southeastern U.S., with CGCM1 showing drier conditions and HadCM2 showing wetter conditions in the future. While both models show decreased frequency of Atlantic storms, consistent with decreased meridional and land/sea temperature gradients, the more coastal position of the storm track in CGCM1 results in less precipitation than modern along the eastern seaboard of the U.S. During summer, differences in land surface models within the two GCMs sometimes lead to differences in soil moisture that feed back to the precipitation over land due to available moisture. 相似文献
180.
Kristen Fernandes Philip W. Bateman Benjamin J. Saunders Michael Bunce Kristine Bohmann Paul Nevill 《Conservation biology》2023,37(5):e14098
Severely fragmented habitats increase the risk of extirpation of native mammal populations through isolation, increased edge effects, and predation. Therefore, monitoring the movement of mammal populations through anthropogenically altered landscapes can inform conservation. We used metabarcoding of invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) from carrion flies (Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae) to track mammal populations in the wheat belt of southwestern Australia, where widespread clearing for agriculture has removed most of the native perennial vegetation and replaced it with an agricultural system. We investigated whether the localization of the iDNA signal reflected the predicted distribution of 4 native species—echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus), woylie (Bettongia penicillata), and chuditch (Dasyurus geoffroii)—and 2 non-native, invasive mammal species—fox (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cat (Felis catus). We collected bulk iDNA samples (n = 150 samples from 3428 carrion flies) at 3 time points from 3 conservation reserves and 35 road edges between them. We detected 14 of the 40 mammal species known from the region, including our target species. Most detections of target taxa were in conservation reserves. There were a few detections from road edges. We detected foxes and feral cats throughout the study area, including all conservation reserves. There was a significant difference between the diversity (F3, 98 = 5.91, p < 0.001) and composition (F3, 43 = 1.72, p < 0.01) of taxa detections on road edges and conservation reserves. Conservation reserves hosted more native biodiversity than road edges. Our results suggest that the signals from iDNA reflect the known distribution of target mammals in this region. The development of iDNA methods shows promise for future noninvasive monitoring of mammals. With further development, iDNA metabarcoding could inform decision-making related to conservation of endangered taxa, invasive species management, and impacts of habitat fragmentation. 相似文献