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181.
Hashim MA Mukhopadhyay S Sahu JN Sengupta B 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(10):2355-2388
The contamination of groundwater by heavy metal, originating either from natural soil sources or from anthropogenic sources is a matter of utmost concern to the public health. Remediation of contaminated groundwater is of highest priority since billions of people all over the world use it for drinking purpose. In this paper, thirty five approaches for groundwater treatment have been reviewed and classified under three large categories viz chemical, biochemical/biological/biosorption and physico-chemical treatment processes. Comparison tables have been provided at the end of each process for a better understanding of each category. Selection of a suitable technology for contamination remediation at a particular site is one of the most challenging job due to extremely complex soil chemistry and aquifer characteristics and no thumb-rule can be suggested regarding this issue. In the past decade, iron based technologies, microbial remediation, biological sulphate reduction and various adsorbents played versatile and efficient remediation roles. Keeping the sustainability issues and environmental ethics in mind, the technologies encompassing natural chemistry, bioremediation and biosorption are recommended to be adopted in appropriate cases. In many places, two or more techniques can work synergistically for better results. Processes such as chelate extraction and chemical soil washings are advisable only for recovery of valuable metals in highly contaminated industrial sites depending on economical feasibility. 相似文献
182.
Annamalai Jayshree Ummalyma Sabeela Beevi Pandey Ashok Bhaskar Thallada 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(36):49362-49382
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microbial technology comprising environment in various aspects of pollution monitoring, treatment of pollutants, and energy generation has been put... 相似文献
183.
The presence of citric acid in decontamination waste can cause complexation of the radioactive cations resulting in interferences in their removal by various treatment processes such as chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, etc., which are employed for the removal of radioactivity and may cause potential danger to the environment. Mesoporous Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al=30, 51, 72 and 97) and Si-MCM-41 molecular sieves were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by XRD, BET (surface area) and FT-IR to evaluate the removal of citric acid through an adsorption process. Adsorption of citric acid over Al-MCM-41 shows the applicability of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm and follows first order kinetics. The effects of contact time, concentration of citric acid, adsorbents (various Si/Al ratios of Al-MCM-41, Si-MCM-41, Hbeta zeolite and commercial carbon) and pH have been investigated. It has been found that the amount of citric acid adsorbed per unit gram of catalyst followed the order Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al=30)>Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al=51)>activated charcoal>Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al=72)>Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al=97)>Si-MCM-41>Hbeta zeolite. 相似文献
184.
Kura B Kambham K Sangameswaran S Potana S 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2006,56(8):1205-1215
Coal slag is one of the widely used abrasives in dry abrasive blasting. Atmospheric emissions from this process include particulate matter (PM) and heavy metals, such as chromium, lead, manganese, nickel. Quantities and characteristics of PM emissions depend on abrasive characteristics and process parameters. Emission factors are key inputs to estimate emissions. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of blast pressure, abrasive feed rate, and initial surface contamination on total PM (TPM) emission factors for coal slag. Rusted and painted mild steel surfaces were used as base plates. Blasting was carried out in an enclosed chamber, and PM was collected from an exhaust duct using U.S. Environment Protection Agency source sampling methods for stationary sources. Results showed that there is significant effect of blast pressure, feed rate, and surface contamination on TPM emissions. Mathematical equations were developed to estimate emission factors in terms of mass of emissions per unit mass of abrasive used, as well as mass of emissions per unit of surface area cleaned. These equations will help industries in estimating PM emissions based on blast pressure and abrasive feed rate. In addition, emissions can be reduced by choosing optimum operating conditions. 相似文献
185.
Alkaline hydrothermal treatment of brominated high impact polystyrene (HIPS-Br) for bromine and bromine-free plastic recovery 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A method to recover both Br and Br-free plastic from brominated flame retardant high impact polystyrene (HIPS-Br) was proposed. HIPS-Br containing 15% Br was treated in autoclave at 280 degrees C using water or KOH solution of various amounts and concentrations. Hydrothermal treatment (30 ml water) leads to 90% debromination of 1g HIPS-Br but plastic is strongly degraded and could not be recovered. Alkaline hydrothermal treatment (45 ml or 60 ml KOH 1M) showed similar debromination for up to 12 g HIPS-Br and plastic was recovered as pellets with molecular weight distribution close to that of the initial material. Debromination occurs at melt plastic/KOH solution interface when liquid/vapour equilibrium is attained inside autoclave (280 degrees C and 7 MPa in our experimental conditions) and depends on the plastic amount/KOH volume ratio. The antimony oxide synergist from HIPS-Br remains in recovered plastic during treatment. A pictorial imagination of the proposed debromination process is presented. 相似文献
186.
Patil Tushar Dharaskar Swapnil Sinha Manishkumar Jampa Surendra Sasikumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(24):35723-35745
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The world’s population explosion creates a need for natural resources for energy, which will become a significant contributor to global climate... 相似文献
187.
Nigam Sonal Singh Rachana Bhardwaj Sheetal Kaushik Sami Rokkayya Nikolova Maria P. Chavali Murthy Sinha Surbhi 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(3):785-809
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Algae are an enormous source of polysaccharides and have gained much interest in human flourishing as organic drugs. Algal polysaccharides have aroused... 相似文献
188.
Banerjee Srila Santra Bhaskar Kar Susmita Banerjee Dayita Ghosh Sourja Majumdar Swachchha 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(32):48620-48637
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The present study evaluates the performance of an indigenously developed ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) membrane in a lab-scale membrane bioreactor... 相似文献
189.
Gairola Sandeep Naik Tejas Pramod Sinha Shishir Singh Inderdeep 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(4):2063-2076
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - There is an overwhelming interest in composite materials derived from bio-based waste resources, recycled plastic materials and their combinations.... 相似文献