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81.
Bill S. Hansson Markus Knaden Silke Sachse Marcus C. Stensmyr Dieter Wicher 《Chemoecology》2010,20(2):51-61
Drosophila melanogaster is today one of the three foremost models in olfactory research, paralleled only by the mouse and
the nematode. In the last years, immense progress has been achieved by combining neurogenetic tools with neurophysiology,
anatomy, chemistry, and behavioral assays. One of the most important tasks for a fruit fly is to find a substrate for eating
and laying eggs. To perform this task the fly is dependent on olfactory cues emitted by suitable substrates as e.g. decaying
fruit. In addition, in this area, considerable progress has been made during the last years, and more and more natural and
behaviorally active ligands have been identified. The future challenge is to tie the progress in different fields together
to give us a better understanding of how a fly really behaves. Not in a test tube, but in nature. Here, we review our present
state of knowledge regarding Drosophila plant-odor-related olfactory neuroethology to provide a basis for new progress. 相似文献
82.
Occurrence and behavior of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances from aqueous film‐forming foam in groundwater systems 下载免费PDF全文
Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are fluorinated compounds and the active ingredient in aqueous film‐forming foam (AFFF). AFFF has been identified as a significant source of PFAS contamination in groundwater. PFAS are also present in many other industrial and consumer products and their manufacture and use has led to numerous contaminated sites. Human health risks have been identified with studies linking firefighter cancers to training facilities where AFFF was used. Given the widespread release of these compounds to the environment and their potential health risks, understanding their mobility characteristics is important. This article details the occurrence and behavior of these substances in groundwater systems to help guide the emerging fields of PFAS investigation and remediation. Background is presented on AFFF and PFAS source characteristics, including common industrial and consumer PFAS sources. In addition, chemical properties, sorption and retention parameters, and observed transformation properties of PFAS and related compounds are discussed. Finally, knowledge gaps are identified for future laboratory and field studies. 相似文献
83.
Dora Sheau‐Yun Chiang Everett W. Glover Jeff Peterman Joseph Harrigan Bill DiGuiseppi David S. Woodward 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2008,19(1):19-37
1,4‐Dioxane entered the environment as a result of historic leaks and spills in the production area at an industrial facility in the southeastern coastal plain. The areal extent of the 1,4‐dioxane plume is several hundred acres and is largely contained on the site. Land use adjacent to the plant property is primarily undeveloped (wetlands or woods) or industrial, with a small area of mixed land use (commercial/residential) to the southwest and north. The surficial aquifer is a relatively simple hydrogeologic system with well‐defined boundaries and is comprised of a 50‐ to 70‐foot‐thick deposit of alluvial/fluvial sand and gravel that overlies an aquitard in excess of 100 feet thick. A groundwater flow model, developed and calibrated using field‐measured data, was used for the fate‐and‐transport modeling of 1,4‐dioxane. The flow‐and‐transport model, combined with the evaluation of other site geochemical data, was used to support the selection of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as the proposed groundwater remedy for the site. Since the active sources of contamination have been removed and the modeling/field data demonstrated that the plume was stable and not expanding, the proposed MNA approach was accepted and approved by the regulatory agency for implementation in 2004. Subsequent accumulated data confirm that concentrations in the 1,4‐dioxane plume are declining as predicted by the fate‐and‐transport modeling. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
84.
This paper examines some of the social processes associated with disaster conditions. Utilising an asset‐based perspective of community capacity, it focuses on four types of normative systems to interpret the ability of communities to manage disasters through market‐, bureaucratic‐, associative‐, and communal‐based norms. Drawing on experience of a wildfire in the Crowsnest Pass region of southwest Alberta, Canada, in 2003, the tensions and compatibilities among these normative systems are evaluated through interviews with 30 community leaders. The results confirm the contributions of all types of social capital to resiliency, the necessity for rapid use of place‐based knowledge, and the importance of communication among all types and levels of agents. In addition, they point to the value of identifying and managing potential conflicts among the normative systems as a means to maximising their contributions. The integration of local networks and groups into the more general disaster response minimised the impacts on health and property. 相似文献
85.
James B. McClintock Robert A. Angus Christina Ho Charles D. Amsler Bill J. Baker 《Marine Biology》2008,154(6):1077-1084
The circumpolar sea star Odontaster validus is ubiquitous in the nearshore marine benthos of Antarctica. Despite its ecological importance, little is known of its behavioral
interactions with other common sympatric sea stars. To examine these interactions we employed time-lapse video analyses conducted
in a large laboratory tank (1.8 m diameter circular tank, 1,629 L). In each experimental trial, 34 adult O. validus were placed in a tight circular grouping on one side of the tank, and one adult individual of one of three common sympatric
species of predatory sea star (Labidiaster annulatus, Diplasterias brandti, or Perknaster aurorae) was placed on the opposite side of the tank. Digital images of sea star movements were then captured at one min intervals
over a 24 h period and aspects of sea star movements subsequently analyzed. Each 24 h treatment was replicated three times,
as was a control treatment consisting only of O. validus. O. validus had significantly elevated levels of activity in the presence of P. aurorae when compared with the other two sea stars (potential chemically mediated response), and displayed a distinct “flight response”
(change in direction and twofold to sixfold increase of speed) upon tactile contact with this species. Moreover, an “alarm
response” was detected when individuals of O. validus that encountered a fleeing conspecific also fled the vicinity. In contrast, our results indicated that O. validus displays virtually no chemical or tactile behavioral responses to the large multi-armed L. annulatus and only weak tactile responses to D. brandti. 相似文献
86.
Yang Rui Tong Juxiu Hu Bill X. Li Jiayun Wei Wenshuo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(17):15089-15106
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Agricultural non-point source pollution is a major factor in surface water and groundwater pollution, especially for nitrogen (N) pollution. In this... 相似文献
87.
Degradative solidification/stabilization (DS/S) is a novel remediation technology that combines chemical degradation with conventional solidification/stabilization. The applicability of the Fe(II)-based DS/S to treating chlorinated alkanes was tested by characterizing degradation reactions of carbon tetrachloride (CT) and its daughter products in cement slurries containing Fe(II). Degradation kinetics of CT and chloroform (CF) were generally very rapid with reaction rates comparable to rates that can be obtained with zero-valent iron. Dechlorination reactions of CT proceeded primarily via a hydrogenolysis pathway, which yielded CF and methylene chloride (MC) as major products and chloromethane and methane as minor products. However, reaction pathways other than hydrogenolysis also appeared to be important at very high pH conditions. MC apparently was resistant to dechlorination reactions over a period of about two months. Kinetics of CT and CF transformation were strongly dependent on pH with an optimal value around 13, which was higher than found previously for PCE. When the initial CF concentration varied between 0.01 and 1 mM, and the Fe(II) dose was 104 mM, pseudo-first-order kinetics generally described the degradation reactions of CF. However, there was also some indication of substrate saturation kinetics in these experiments. This suggests that a saturation model would better describe the kinetics in systems with higher concentration of substrates or lower concentration of the reactive surfaces. 相似文献
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