基于OP-FTIR技术的炼油装置VOCs排放量监测

随着挥发性有机物排污收费政策的逐步实施,快速准确地监测企业VOCs排放量已成为环保部门和企业共同面对的难题。介绍了开路式傅里叶变换红外光谱技术原理及优势,研究了质量通量模式VOCs排放量计算方法,并以300 m×300 m某装置区域为例,完成了现场红外光谱测量、气象数据采集、数据有效性分析和VOCs排放量计算。研究结果表明,开路红外光谱技术极大提高了VOCs排放数据采集效率和准确性,进一步计算得出该装置区域VOCs年排放量平均值为98.7 t,为企业开展VOCs排放量核算提供了参考。     

Influence of environmental temperature and relative humidity on photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on activated carbon fibers coated TiO2

TiO₂ supported on active carbon fiber (TiO₂/ACF), an absorbable photocatalyst, is a new kind of material applied in air purification. In this paper, the influence of environmental temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO₂/ACF were studied, and then, the purification capability of TiO₂/ACF was estimated. PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels, the amount of adsorption of toluene decreased. Moreover, quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates would be accumulated on the TiO₂/ACF. So, it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique. T = 25°C and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system. __________ Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2007, 20(5): 10–13 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态]     

DELtatox便携式毒性测试仪在Q—TOX和B—TOX两种模式下应用与探讨

随着经济社会的发展,突发性水质污染事故日趋增多。因此能够快速、准确测定水质状况是环境应急监测的一项重要工作。在一起水厂取水口有人投药打鱼事故中,采用DELtatox便携式毒性测试仪在Q—TOX和B—TOX两种模式下快速检测事发地水质,结果表明快速、高效的检测为此次污染事故的成功处置提供了技术支持,为以后类似突发污染事故的应急监测提供了参考。     

对秦皇岛市发展生物质能源产业的思考

秦皇岛市具有丰富的生物质能源资源和种植能源作物等发展能源产业的有利条件,应根据各县区的自然条件和生物质资源状况,科学制定生物质能源产业发展规划,并通过推动技术创新与科技进步、加强宣传引导和政策扶持等措施,促进能源产业的快速、健康发展.     

大麻茎腐病菌的分离及其对土壤环境影响的研究

从病变部位分离出两株病原真菌DN1和DN2,通过茵丝及孢子形态的观察,初步确定其分别为半知菌亚门链格孢属（Altemaria altemata）及轮枝孢属（M．Verticillium）。在pH值4～14之间,两株菌都能正常生长,对环境的适应能力较强。通过盆栽试验确定大麻对土壤pH的影响,结果表明大麻能修复弱碱性土壤。     

汶川地震极重灾区地形起伏度特征及其与生态环境受损关联分析

采用DEM数据对汶川地震极重灾区地形起伏度特征分析,海拔高度和地形起伏度总体上是南西高,北东低。5km×5km单元地形起伏度〉1000m的区域面积占27．98％。0．5km×0．5km单元〉100m的区域面积占50．63％。在8．0级主震和6．4级余震震中之间典型区段剖面0．5km间隔分析中,南西段起伏度大于北东段,南西段起伏度〉200m区段占全段14．84％,北东段仅占6．64％。地震导致生态环境受损程度的差异与地形起伏度的差异在空间分布上有一定的重合,具有高起伏度的南西段生态系统破坏面积占总破坏面积的88．55％,新增水土流失面积占新增总面积的70．99％。地震灾区地形起伏度是生态环境遭受严重破坏致灾关联因素之一。     

地下水原位修复渗透性反应墙反应介质的改良与展望

渗透性反应墙(PRBs)是倍受关注的地下水原位修复技术之一,具有高效廉价、安装简便、维护简单等优点。详细总结了零价铁、活性炭、无机矿物材料和生物质材料等PRBs反应介质的结构、性能、适用范围、改良方法及增强吸附机制,介绍了PRBs技术在国内外地下水原位修复领域的工程应用实例,指出研发可再生型反应介质、深入研究复杂体系的污染物去除主导机制以及开展多介质混合、多种原位修复技术集成应用研究将是今后PRBs的主要研究方向。     

Ultrasonic preparation of nano-nickel/activated carbon composite using spent electroless nickel plating bath and application in degradation of 2,6-dichlorophenol

Ni was effectively recovered from spent electroless nickel （EN） plating baths by forming a nano-nickel coated activated carbon composite. With the aid of ultrasonication, melamine- formaldehyde-tetraoxalyl-ethylenediamine chelating resins were grafted on activated carbon （MFT/AG）. PdC12 sol was adsorbed on MFT/AC, which was then immersed in spent electroless nickel plating bath; then nano-nickel could be reduced by ascorbic acid to form a nano-nickel coating on the activated carbon composite （Ni/AC） in situ. The materials present were carefully examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electro- chemistry techniques. The resins were well distributed on the inside and outside surfaces of activated carbon with a size of 120 ± 30 nm in MFT/AC, and a great deal of nano-nickel particles were evenly deposited with a size of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm in Ni/MFT. Moreover, Ni/AC was successfully used as a catalyst for ultrasonic degradation of 2.6-dichloronhenol.     

烟台市环境受体PM2.5四季污染特征与来源解析

于2016～2017年四季在烟台市3个点位采集了PM_(2.5)样品,分析了其质量浓度和化学组分特征.利用CMB模型对受体进行解析,并利用后向轨迹和PSCF对传输气流和潜在源区进行了分析.结果表明,烟台市监测点位冬季、春季、夏季和秋季的PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度分别为(89. 45±56. 80)、(76. 78±28. 44)、(32. 65±17. 92)和(57. 32±24. 60)μg·m~(-3). PM_(2.5)浓度表现出明显的季节变化特征(P 0. 01).全年PM_(2.5)各源类分担率大小依次为:二次硝酸盐源(20. 3%)城市扬尘源(15. 7%)机动车排放源(14. 9%)燃煤源(13. 8%)二次硫酸盐源(12. 8%) SOC(6. 1%)建筑水泥尘源(5. 5%)海盐源(2. 9%),可以看到烟台市以二次源、扬尘、机动车排放源和燃煤源为主要污染源.春季硝酸盐源和城市扬尘源是重要贡献源类,夏季硫酸盐源贡献突出,燃煤源在秋冬季占比突出.烟台市气流输送和潜在源区也呈现出明显的季节变化:冬季主要受烟台市短距离输送的影响;夏季主要受烟台东部沿海和本地的影响;春秋季主要受山东东北部和东部沿海地区的区域传输和烟台市本地源的影响.