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41.
Strategic assessment of the magnitude and impacts of sand mining in Poyang Lake, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jan de Leeuw David Shankman Guofeng Wu Willem Frederik de Boer James Burnham Qing He Herve Yesou Jing Xiao 《Regional Environmental Change》2010,10(2):95-102
Planning for the extraction of aggregates is typically dealt with at a case to case basis, without assessing environmental
impacts strategically. In this study we assess the impact of sand mining in Poyang Lake, where dredging began in 2001 after
sand mining in the Yangtze River had been banned. In April 2008 concern over the impact on the biodiversity led to a ban on
sand mining in Poyang Lake until further plans could be developed. Planning will require consideration of both sand extraction
in relation to available sediment resources and also environmental impacts within the context of future demand for sand in
the lower Yangtze Valley. We used pairs of near-infrared (NIR) Aster satellite imagery to estimate the number of vessels leaving
the lake. Based on this we calculated a rate of sand extraction of 236 million m3 year−1 in 2005–2006. This corresponds to 9% of the total Chinese demand for sand. It qualifies Poyang Lake as probably the largest
sand mining operation in the world. It also indicates that sand extraction currently dominates the sediment balance of the
lower Yangtze River. A positive relation between demand for sand and GDP, revealed by historic data from the USA, suggests
that the current per capita demand for sand in China might increase in the near future from 2 to 4 m3 year−1. We review various environmental impacts and question whether it will be possible to preserve the rich biodiversity of the
lake, while continuing at the same time satisfying the increasing Chinese demand for sand. Finally we review alternative options
for sand mining, in order to relieve the pressure from the Poyang Lake ecosystem. 相似文献
42.
Frans Berkhout Bart van den Hurk Janette Bessembinder Joop de Boer Bram Bregman Michiel van Drunen 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(3):879-893
Scenarios have become a powerful tool in integrated assessment and policy analysis for climate change. Socio-economic and climate scenarios are often combined to assess climate change impacts and vulnerabilities across different sectors and to inform risk management strategies. Such combinations of scenarios can also play an important role in enabling the interaction between experts and other stakeholders, framing issues and providing a means for making explicit and dealing with uncertainties. Drawing on experience with the application of scenarios to climate change assessments in recent Dutch research, the paper argues that scenario approaches need to be matched to the frames of stakeholders who are situated in specific decision contexts. Differentiated approaches (top-down, bottom-up and interactive) are needed to address the different frames and decision-making contexts of stakeholders. A framework is proposed to map scenarios and decision contexts onto two dimensions: the spatial scale of the context and the starting point of approach used in scenario development (top-down, bottom-up or incident-driven). Future climate and socio-economic scenario development will be shaped by the need to become better aligned with multiple interacting uncertainties salient to stakeholders. 相似文献
43.
LCA-IWM: a decision support tool for sustainability assessment of waste management systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The paper outlines the most significant result of the project 'The use of life cycle assessment tools for the development of integrated waste management strategies for cities and regions with rapid growing economies', which was the development of two decision-support tools: a municipal waste prognostic tool and a waste management system assessment tool. The article focuses on the assessment tool, which supports the adequate decision making in the planning of urban waste management systems by allowing the creation and comparison of different scenarios, considering three basic subsystems: (i) temporary storage; (ii) collection and transport and (iii) treatment, disposal and recycling. The design and analysis options, as well as the assumptions made for each subsystem, are shortly introduced, providing an overview of the applied methodologies and technologies. The sustainability assessment methodology used in the project to support the selection of the most adequate scenario is presented with a brief explanation of the procedures, criteria and indicators applied on the evaluation of each of the three sustainability pillars. 相似文献
44.
Frank W. Oudshoorn Reint Jan Renes Imke J. M. De Boer 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2008,21(3):205-228
The aim of this study was to explore stakeholder perceptions of the contribution of an Automatic Milking System (AMS) to sustainable
development of organic dairy production in Denmark and the Netherlands. In addition, reasons for the current difference in
AMS use on organic dairy farms between both countries were explored. To answer above mentioned aims, farmers and advisors
in both countries were interviewed using a focus group approach. Questions of the interviews were based on a literature review
on sustainability issues affected by introduction of AMS. Participants expressed no moral problems regarding AMS use. They,
however, pointed out uncertainty about the economic gain, difficulties with grazing, adaptation problems to technology, and
image problems towards consumers. The latter results from a reduction in grazing time affecting both animal welfare and product
quality. The participants did not recognize eutrophication, as result of high stocking density on farmstead lots, as a problem
caused by AMS. The milk quality problem related to AMS use, although acknowledged as crucial towards consumers, was not prioritized
very highly, especially not by the farmers in both countries. All groups were, however, unanimous in their perception of how
important image was as far as the consumers are concerned. The perception analysis revealed that Dutch participants were more
concerned about the economic payoff of AMS use, and showed more reluctance towards enlargement than Danish ones. In addition,
they acknowledged the small-scale naturalness of organic production. These differences in perception could possibly explain
observed differences in AMS use in organic dairy production between Denmark and the Netherlands. 相似文献
45.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in influents,suspended particulate matter,sediments, sewage treatment plant and effluents and biota from the Netherlands 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
de Boer J Wester PG van der Horst A Leonards PE 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,122(1):63-74
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been determined in 133 samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM), sediments, sewage treatment plant (STP) influents and effluents, fish and mussels from various locations in The Netherlands, as a part of a large Dutch national study on estrogenic contaminants in the aquatic environment (LOES project). Some PBBs were also analysed but not found in any of the samples at detectable levels. PBDEs and PBBs were included in this study because indications of long term effects on the balance of endocrine systems were found in the literature. High concentrations of decaBDE (up to 4600 g/kg dry weight) were found in SPM from the Western Scheldt. These levels are possibly related to spillage during use of PBDEs in industries upstream the river Scheldt in Belgium. SPM was identified as an important carrier for higher brominated diphenyl ethers in the aquatic environment. DecaBDE was not found at detectable levels in flounder, bream and mussels. The bioaccumulation of decaBDE in these fish and shellfish samples is apparently limited. Lower brominated PBDE congeners (tetra/penta) were also found in the Western Scheldt as well as in the Rhine delta and the river Meuse, but in much lower concentrations than the decaBDE. In contrast with decaBDE, the tetra and pentaBDEs were found in biota. It was concluded that at least a small part of the PBDE can pass STPs. 相似文献
46.
Joep P. M. Geraedts Joyce Harper Peter Braude Karen Sermon Anna Veiga Luca Gianaroli Noelle Agan Santiago Munné Sue Gitlin Elisabeth Blenow Kylie de Boer Nicole Hussey Emmanuel Kanavakis Soo-Huan Lee Stéphane Viville Lewis Krey Pierre Ray Serena Emiliani Yung Hsien Liu Stefan Vermeulen 《黑龙江环境通报》2001,21(12):1086-1092
An Erratum has been published for this article in Prenatal Diagnosis 22 (5) 2002, 451. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) requires the combined efforts of geneticists and workers in the field of reproductive medicine. This was studied on the basis of a questionnaire, sent to 35 members of the PGD Consortium of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). A reply was obtained from 20 centres. They represent the majority of activities in the field of PGD in the world. It is obvious that many of the activities (in vitro fertilisation, embryo culture and biopsy) take place in IVF units while others (counselling and diagnosis) are the responsibility of genetic diagnostic centres. The distances between both units vary considerably. In all but one centre sex determination is offered. Aneuploidy screening is offered in 13 out of 20 centres. PGD of translocations and other structural chromosome abnormalities is offered in all but one centre. The number of monogenic diseases offered varies considerably. In comparison to prenatal diagnosis PGD is more expensive. The majority of these costs are due to the IVF or ICSI procedure. The charges for PGD vary between about € 600 and € 4000. In 16 out of 20 centres the parents to be must sign an informed consent form. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This study among 514 security guards examines the relationship between perceptions of unfairness at work and absenteeism during a one‐year follow‐up. On the basis of previous theoretical work and fragmented empirical evidence, it was hypothesized that distributive unfairness causes absence behavior in a direct or indirect way (through health complaints). Procedural unfairness was hypothesized to cause absence behavior through affective commitment or through health complaints. Results of a series of structural equation modelling analyses offer support for the mediating role of health complaints in the relationship between (distributive and procedural) unfairness at work and absenteeism. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that perceived unfairness contributes to explaining T2‐absenteeism over and above the impact of T1‐absenteeism and traditional work‐related stressors (i.e., work load and low job control). The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献