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71.
de Boer WF Cao L Barter M Wang X Sun M van Oeveren H de Leeuw J Barzen J Prins HH 《Ambio》2011,40(1):68-77
We compared the European and eastern Chinese waterbird assemblages and checked whether the effects of human disturbance could
be detected in the assemblages’ composition. For the different Chinese provinces, we expected to find a negative effect of
economic development on the mean bird species mass and on the proportion of bentivorous, piscivorous and insectivorous bird
species. We also expected to find relatively fewer large species in the Chinese assemblage. Species rank–abundance curves
were relatively similar, but China had significantly more species with smaller body masses. The China assemblage was characterized
by relatively higher abundance of heavy-bodied species, contrary to our expectations. Mean bird body mass decreased in China
with increasing disturbance and increasing gross domestic product (GDP). For coastal provinces in China the percentage of
bentivorous, piscivorous and insectivorous bird species declined with increasing GDP, maybe through the increased use of pesticides
or fertilizer. 相似文献
72.
73.
74.
de Geus HJ Wester PG Schelvis A de Boer J Brinkman UA 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2000,2(5):503-511
The analysis of toxaphene, a highly complex mixture of chlorinated bornanes, bornenes and camphenes, is a challenging problem, especially as individual congeners are present at trace levels in biota and other relevant samples. The complicated nomenclature of the compounds of interest is briefly discussed. Gas chromatographic techniques are the most important tools in toxaphene analysis because of their high resolution. The main focus of attention is devoted to important steps in the GC-based analytical procedure, such as sample preparation and injection, separation by single-column and multidimensional GC, both heart-cut and comprehensive, and detection by electron capture and, increasingly, MS-based detection/identification. The gradual shift from total toxaphene to individual compound analysis is discussed, and the growing interest in enantiomer-selective separations is highlighted. The problems encountered when selecting appropriate indicator compounds for rapid toxaphene screening are also addressed. 相似文献
75.
Analytical methods for the determination of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), with a special emphasis on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are reviewed. A number of procedures, which can be applied to the analysis of PBDEs and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and in some cases for hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), in environmental and human samples are described. Because several BFRs, such as tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP-A), BDE 209 and, to some extent, HBCD, may require a different approach, specific advice on their analysis is given separately when needed. Sample pretreatment, extraction, cleanup and fractionation, injection techniques, chromatographic separation, detection methods, quality control and method validation are discussed. For each topic, an overview is given of the current status of the field and recommendations for an appropriate analytical approach are presented. 相似文献