秦皇岛市海港区污水排放系统现状分析

本文从秦皇岛海港区污水排放系统现状分析入手,指出了污水排放系统中存在的问题,并提出了污水排放系统发展的建设。     

现代统计信息分析技术在安全工程方面的应用——因子分析

因子分析是一种多元统计分析方法。因子分析的主要功能是寻求隐藏在观测数据背后,支配变量的公因子,以最简单的形式表达事物的本质概念。文中介绍了因子分析的计算方法。     

塔里木南缘孤立绿洲近50年气候变化特征分析

通过分析塔里木盆地孤立绿洲民丰县气温、降水2个气象要素的相关资料得出，从20世纪50年代至90年代，气温呈上升趋势，而夏秋两季降水量随温度上升而上升。从气象要素的历史变化和季节分布特征看，塔里木盆地的孤立绿洲整体环境状况仍处于比较差的阶段。此分析结论对合理利用本地气候资源具有实际意义，并且能够为研究干旱区气候变化提供一定的帮助。     

环境空气中大气颗粒物源解析的研究进展

介绍了国内外用于大气颗粒物源解析研究的受体模型的进展情况，对受体模型的研究体系，测量分析技术、研究方法作了详细阐述，并对源解析近期的研究热点及发展趋势作了评述。     

微孔草的特征及利用价值研究

微孔草是青藏高原特有植物种,种子油中富含γ-亚麻酸、亚油酸,不饱和脂肪酸的含量达85%以上;种子中含有18种氨基酸,其中人体必需氨基酸的含量达39.74%;矿物质营养元素极其丰富;饼渣中的粗蛋白含量达23.96%。它具有药用、食用和饲用等多种用途。因而,多层次开发利用微孔草资源是提高草地生态系统生产能力的重要措施。     

Growth and phosphate uptake kinetics of Microcystis aeruginosa under various environmental conditions

Growth and uptake of exogenous phosphate by Microcystis aeruginosa in batch culture under different temperature, photoperiod, and turbulence were studied by the method of phosphate isotope tracer. Relatively high temperature, long photoperiod and strong turbulence increased the cell density of M. aeruginosa in these batch cultures. The initial rapid uptake of phosphate by M. aeruginosa was independent of the temperature, photoperiod, and turbulence. Similarly, maximum exogenous phosphate uptake was not related to these environmental factors. However, elevated temperature and turbulence shortened the time, required to obtain maximum P accumulation. The growth of M. aeruginosa could alleviate the phosphorous leakage. Total amounts of exogenous phosphate uptake to M. aeruginosa and the phosphorus leakage of M. aeruginosa were significantly influenced by the growth state of M. aeruginosa closely correlated with the environmental factors. The maximum volume of exogenous phosphate uptake to M. aeruginosa was 46% of added exogenous phosphate in water with 16 hours of photoperiod. Thus, total amounts of exogenous phosphate uptake to M. aeruginosa were more strongly affected by the photoperiod length than temperature and turbulence.     

城市区域风易损结构风灾损失分析研究

城市风易损结构在台风等强风灾害下的损坏及倒塌将严重影响城市社会的运行安全。以户外广告牌作为典型城市风易损结构物,提出基于结构参数的风易损结构抗风分析方法。针对城市广告牌分布具有的区域空间分布特征及局部风效应,以城市区域风灾为研究对象,结合区域数值风场模拟分析对城市区域风灾损失进行了分析研究。     

基于Copula模型的降雨量与土壤饱和度的模拟研究

采用两步法,针对云南东川蒋家沟流域的降雨量与土壤饱和度,建立了边缘为皮尔逊Ⅲ型的Clayton Copula模型,分析了降雨量和土壤饱和度之间相关结构,以及两变量重现期,模拟了流域内土壤饱和度的变化情况。实例表明所构造的Clayton Copula模型能比较好地模拟出流域内土壤饱和度在降雨情况下逐日变化情况,有助于进一步认识降水对土壤饱和度的作用过程,并为分析泥石流灾害的发生提供了一种新思路。     

高锰酸钾改性生物炭对U(Ⅵ)的吸附特性

选用农林剩余物加工制得生物炭,用强氧化剂(KMnO_4、H_2O_2、HNO_3)对生物炭进行化学改性,选择最佳改性方法。通过吸附试验得出用0.01 mol/L KMnO_4改性的生物炭除铀效果最佳。采用KMnO_4改性的生物炭对废水中的铀进行吸附,考察吸附剂投加量、溶液pH值、吸附时间、溶液初始质量浓度等因素对U(Ⅵ)去除效果的影响。结果表明,当吸附剂投加量为0.3 g/L、U(Ⅵ)质量浓度为10mg/L、溶液pH=6、温度为25℃、吸附时间为120 min时,改性生物炭对U(Ⅵ)的去除效果最佳,吸附量达到32.57 mg/g,比未改性前提高了67.9%。对改性前后的生物炭进行了SEM、XRD、FTIR表征及表面含氧官能团测定、吸附动力学分析。结果表明,改性生物炭对U(Ⅵ)的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程及Langmuir等温吸附模型(决定系数R20.99)。这表明对溶液中铀的去除可能是化学沉淀作用的结果,改性后含氧官能团增加,对溶液中铀的去除也可能存在官能团络合作用与表面吸附,使吸附剂化学吸附能力增强,除铀能力提高。     

Rural migrants’ participation in old-age insurance: a case study of the inter-provincial migrant workers from Sichuan,China

Old-age pension, a fundamental part of the Chinese social security system, is perceived by the Chinese government as the last support for rural-to-urban migrant workers upon retreating from the labor market. Using survey data collected by the authors, this paper examines a host of factors which influence migrant workers’ participation in the old-age scheme. The result shows that individual characteristics, employment status, attitudes toward old-age support and perception of the old-age pension system significantly differentiate two groups of migrant workers between those that have participated in and their counterparts who have not participated in the old-age pension schemes. Among a number of factors, age, educational attainment, holding labor contract, etc. are found to be significant factors influencing migrants’ behavior participating (or not participating) the available age-pension schemes. Policy implications for how to improve the rate of participation in existing old-age pension schemes among migrant workers are drawn from the findings.