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921.
Brian D. Smith A. K. M. Aminul Haque M. Shakhawat Hossain Anisuzzaman Khan 《Environmental management》1998,22(3):323-335
Platanista gangetica ) are threatened in Bangladesh from the effects of dams, large embankment schemes, dredging, fisheries bycatch, directed hunting,
and water pollution. Visual surveys of the section of the Jamuna River located between the divergence of the Old Brahmaputra
River and the confluence of the Padma River and the section of the Kushiyara River located between the Bangladesh–India border
and the confluence of the Korangi River recorded a sighting rate of 0.13 sightings/km (mean group size = 1.8 dolphins) and
0.08 sightings/km (mean group size = 3.8 dolphins), respectively. These sections of river were considered to be priority areas
for investigation because several water development projects have already been constructed and more are planned for the areas.
During the surveys we examined the remains of dolphins caught accidentally in plastic gillnets and observed fishermen catching
the fish species Clupisoma garua using dolphin oil and body parts as a fish attractor. Additional studies are needed to assess the status of dolphins and
effects of water development and fisheries bycatch. Feasibility studies should be conducted on designating dolphin/fish sanctuaries
and creating artificial habitat or enhancing existing habitat in eddy countercurrent scour pools to mitigate deleterious impacts.
The environmental requirements of river dolphins reflect the needs of productive and biotically diverse tropical rivers. 相似文献
922.
Robert W. Kates Michael W. Mayfield Ralph D. Torrie Brian Witcher 《Local Environment》1998,3(3):279-297
This paper reports on two efforts to develop methods for quantifying and analysing greenhouse gas emissions from local places. The International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives-Cities for Climate Protection (ICLEI-CCP) campaign and the Association of American Geographers-Global Change in Local Places (AAG-GCLP) project represent independent efforts with differing origins and objectives. There is a rich and dynamic fine structure to the causal patterns that determine the level of greenhouse gas emissions in the society. This fine structure is essentially opaque to national and state-level inventories and analyses, and yet understanding it is necessary to understanding how human communities can be organised and human enterprise structured in environmentally sustainable ways. Simplified inventory methods that account for most but not all emissions, use readily available local data and, most important, inform efforts at emission reduction are currently available for cities and could be made available for larger or more diverse local regions or areas. 相似文献
923.
Neckel Alcindo Korcelski Cleiton Silva Luis F. O. Kujawa Henrique Aniceto Bodah Brian William Figueiredo Adriano Marcos Rodrigues Maculan Larcio Stolfo Gonalves Affonso Celso Bodah Eliane Thaines Moro Leila Dal 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(9):10728-10751
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The increasing mortality of COVID-19 can aggravate soil contamination by metals, harmful to the health of the population, requiring new projects for... 相似文献
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925.
Simulating contaminant transport in unsaturated zones with sparse hydraulic property information is a difficult, yet common, problem. When contaminant transport may occur via preferential flow, simple modeling approaches can provide predictions of interest, such as the first arrival of contaminant, with minimal site characterization. The conceptual model for unsaturated zone flow at Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain, Nevada National Security Site, establishes the possibility of preferential flow through lithologies between potential radionuclide sources and the saturated zone. After identifying preferential flow as a possible contaminant transport process, we apply a simple model to estimate first arrival times for conservatively transported radionuclides to reach the saturated zone. Simulated preferential flow travel times at Rainier Mesa are tens to hundreds of years for non-ponded water sources and 1 to 2 months for continuously ponded water sources; first arrival times are approximately twice as long at Shoshone Mountain. These first arrival time results should then be viewed as a worst-case scenario but not necessarily as a timescale for a groundwater-contamination hazard, because concentrations may be very low. The alternative approach demonstrated here for estimating travel times can be useful in situations where predictions are needed by managers for the fastest arrival of contaminants, yet budgetary or time constraints preclude more rigorous analysis, and when additional model estimates are needed for comparison (i.e., model abstraction). 相似文献
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928.
Peter H. Kahn Jr. Batya Friedman Brian Gill Jennifer Hagman Rachel L. Severson Nathan G. Freier Erika N. Feldman Sybil Carrre Anna Stolyar 《Journal of environmental psychology》2008,28(2):192-199
Humans will continue to adapt to an increasingly technological world. But are there costs to such adaptations in terms of human well being? Toward broaching this question, we investigated physiological effects of experiencing a HDTV quality real-time view of nature through a plasma display “window.” In an office setting, 90 participants (30 per group) were exposed either to (a) a glass window that afforded a view of a nature scene, (b) a plasma window that afforded a real-time HDTV view of essentially the same scene, or (c) a blank wall. Results showed that in terms of heart rate recovery from low-level stress the glass window was more restorative than a blank wall; in turn, a plasma window was no more restorative than a blank wall. Moreover, when participants spent more time looking at the glass window, their heart rate tended to decrease more rapidly; that was not the case with the plasma window. Discussion focuses on how the purported benefits of viewing nature may be attenuated by a digital medium. 相似文献
929.
Hannah B. Vander Zanden Joseph B. Pfaller Kimberly J. Reich Mariela Pajuelo Alan B. Bolten Kristina L. Williams Michael G. Frick Brian M. Shamblin Campbell J. Nairn Karen A. Bjorndal 《Marine Biology》2014,161(3):585-598
Diet items and habitat constitute some of the environmental resources that may be used differently by individuals within a population. Long-term fidelity by individuals to particular resources exemplifies individual specialization, a phenomenon that is becoming increasingly recognized across a wide range of species. Less is understood about the consequences of such specialization. Here, we investigate the effects of differential foraging ground use on reproductive output in 183 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting at Wassaw Island, Georgia (31.89°N, 80.97°W), between 2004 and 2011 with resulting possible fitness effects. Stable isotope analysis was used to assign the adult female loggerheads to one of three foraging areas in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Our data indicate that foraging area preference influences the size, fecundity, and breeding periodicity of adult female loggerhead turtles. We also found that the proportion of turtles originating from each foraging area varied significantly among the years examined. The change in the number of nesting females across the years of the study was not a result of uniform change from all foraging areas. We develop a novel approach to assess differential contributions of various foraging aggregations to changes in abundance of a sea turtle nesting aggregation using stable isotopes. Our approach can provide an improved understanding of the influences on the causes of increasing or decreasing population trends and allow more effective monitoring for these threatened species and other highly migratory species. 相似文献
930.
Joseph D. DiBattista John E. Randall Stephen J. Newman Brian W. Bowen 《Marine Biology》2014,161(11):2465-2477
Molecular genetic surveys of marine fishes have revealed that some widely distributed species are actually a composite of multiple evolutionary lineages. This is apparent in the round herrings (genus Etrumeus), wherein a globally distributed taxon (Etrumeus sadina Mitchill 1814) has proven to contain at least seven valid taxa, with more likely awaiting discovery. Here, we survey evolutionary lineages of the nominal E. sadina (formerly E. teres, a junior synonym) across the southern temperate zone of Australia, a marine region divided into three biogeographic provinces based primarily on the distribution of intertidal faunas. Results from morphological and mitochondrial DNA data reveal two evolutionary lineages corresponding to eastern and southwestern provinces (d = 0.007 for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and d = 0.017 for cytochrome b), possibly initiated by the Bassian Isthmus between Australia and Tasmania during low sea-level stands. The Australian round herring is also genetically distinct from the nearest congeneric forms in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, with a corresponding modal difference in gill-raker counts in most cases. Based on these data, we resurrect the title Etrumeus jacksoniensis for the Australian round herring. While the Bassian Isthmus may have initiated the partition of evolutionary lineages within Australia, additional oceanographic and ecological factors must reinforce this separation in order to maintain diagnostic genetic differences along a continuous temperate coastline. 相似文献