福建省能源消费碳排放和低碳能源发展研究

能源消费导致的碳排放对全球气候变化带来严峻挑战.区域经济迅速发展,不但对区域能源安全提出挑战,也对碳减排提出新的课题.文章总结了改革开放以来福建省能源消费的特点和趋势,计算由能源消费引起的碳排放量.研究表明,虽然碳强度有显著下降,但是碳排放总量增长比较明显,特别是从2000年开始,增长幅度加大.利用Kaya恒等式对碳排...     

环境科学领域中欧科技教育合作的探讨

欧盟高等教育有着悠久的历史,在环境科学领域处于世界领先水平。随着欧盟一体化进程的深入推进,中国工业化和城市化步伐的加快,环境科学领域面临着新的机遇和挑战,必将给中欧之间的科技教育合作创造更多的机会。面对新形势,有必要认真分析中欧在环境科学领域科技教育合作的现状与机遇,总结经验,找出问题,提出对策,进而促进中欧合作的健康发展。     

新的历史转型时期理顺环境管理与环境监测关系探讨

分析了目前我国环保工作中环境管理和环境监测中存在的问题,讨论了在环境监测定位转型过程中,理顺环境管理与环境监测之间关系的措施.     

Expression of sulfur uptake assimilation-related genes in response to cadmium, bensulfuron-methyl and their co-contamination in rice roots

The responses of sulfur （S） uptake assimilation-related genes＇ expression in roots of two rice cultivars to cadmium （Cd）, bensulfuron-methyl （BSM） and their co-contamination （Cd＋BSM） were investigated by gene-chip microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR （QRT-PCR） technology. Treatments of Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate transporter and permease genes, and promoted sulfate uptake in rice roots. Cd＋BSM could alleviate Cd toxicity to cv. Fengmeizhan seedlings, probably due to Cd＋BSM promoting greater S absorption by seedlings. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate assimilation-related genes, and thus activated the sulfur assimilation pathway. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of phytochelatin synthase and metallothionein genes, and induced expression of glutathione S-transferases （GSTs）, glutathione synthase （GS） and S- containing antioxidation enzyme genes, which detoxified Cd2＋. It is suggested that （to cope with the toxicity of Cd, BSM and their co-contamination） the S uptake and assimilation pathway was activated in rice roots by increased expression of related genes, thus enhancing the supply of organic S for synthesis of Cd or BSM resistance-related substances.     

Effect of a high strength chemical industry wastewater on microbial community dynamics and mesophilic methane generation

A high strength chemical industry wastewater was assessed for its impact on anaerobic microbial com- munity dynamics and consequently mesophilic methane generation. Cumulative methane production was 251 mL/g total chemical oxygen demand removed at standard temperature and pressure at the end of 30 days experimental period with a highest recorded methane percentage of 80.6% of total biogas volume. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） analysis revealed that acetic acid was the major intermediate VFAs produced with propionic acid accumulating over the experimental period. Quantitative analysis of microbial communities in the test and control groups with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction highlighted that in the test group, Eubacteria （96.3%） was dominant in comparison with methanogens （3.7%）. The latter were dominated by Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales while in test groups increased over the experimental period, reaching a maximum on day 30. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile was performed, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Eubacteria and Archaea, with the DNA samples extracted at 3 different time points from the test groups. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequences using the neighborhood joining method. The analysis revealed that the presence of organisms resembling Syntrophomonadaceae could have contributed to increased production of acetic and propionic acid intermediates while decrease of organisms resembling Pelotomaculum sp. could have most likely contributed to accumulation of propionic acid. This study suggested that the degradation of organic components within the high strength industrial wastewater is closely linked with the activity of certain niche microbial communities within eubacteria and methanogens.     

Acute and chronic toxic effects of Pb2+ on polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis：Morphological changes and responses of the antioxidant system

Perinereis aibuhitensis was used to assess adverse biological effects caused by acute and chronic Pb2＋exposure in artificial seawater under controlled laboratory conditions. In 96-hr acute toxicity experiments,the morphological changes showed a positive time/dose-dependent tendency,and the 96-hr LC50 value of Pb2＋was 686.41 mg/L. The responses of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in tissues including catalase（CAT）,peroxidase（POD）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）,malondialdehyde（MDA） and the content of total soluble protein（TSP）,were investigated on days 1,4,7 and 10 after Pb2＋exposure under chronic toxicity testing. Results showed that the activation of the antioxidant system in P. aibuhitensis depended on the Pb2＋concentration and the duration of exposure time.Specifically,POD and SOD activities were induced on the first day of the exposure and decreased to the control level on day 10 after exposure. Therefore,these two indexes could be used to indicate oxidative stress associated with P. aibuhitensis exposure to Pb2＋.     

壳聚糖絮凝微藻的研究进展及展望

微藻作为一种卓越的生物资源已经受到全世界的关注。从藻液中采收微藻一直是个瓶颈。壳聚糖是目前被普遍认可的安全有效的微藻絮凝剂,通过对其进行适当的改性,可以更好地提高絮凝效率。文章综述了壳聚糖以及改性壳聚糖絮凝剂的絮凝机理和性能,并对壳聚糖絮凝微藻研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

德州市大气细粒子中碳组分的污染特征研究

2012年2-9月间在德州市城区及郊区布置6个采样点位,分别采集了采暖季(2012年2月28日-3月4日)、风沙季(2012年5月3日-8日)、非采暖季(2012年9月20日-9月25日)共216个PM2.5样品膜,采用美国Sunset Laboratory Inc热光反射法碳谱分析仪测定了PM2.5样品中OC、EC的浓度值,应用OC/EC比值法对SOC进行了估算。结果表明,德州市PM2.5污染较严重,年平均浓度为159.68μg/m3,各点位浓度的空间分布无明显差异,季节变化趋势为:采暖季>风沙季>非采暖季。PM2.5中OC和EC的平均浓度分别为16.80μg/m3、3.65μg/m3;OC和EC的日均浓度分别占PM2.5的9.61%和2.10%,OC是PM2.5的重要组成部分;OC、EC浓度的季节变化趋势与PM2.5浓度特征相同。年平均浓度为3.91μg/m3;SOC在OC和PM2.5中所占的比例分别为22.30%和2.54%,SOC对OC具有较大的贡献;SOC在OC中所占的比值季节变化趋势为风沙季>非采暖季>采暖季。     

二氧化硫还原法处理含铬废水最佳工艺条件研究

试验采用自主研发设计的二氧化硫还原连续反应处理高浓度含铬废水的工艺,研究了二氧化硫还原反应时不同pH值、反应时间、反应温度和硫磺投料量对含铬废水中六价铬污染物的治理效果。结果表明:当二氧化硫还原反应条件控制在pH值为2~4、反应温度为40~60℃、硫磺投料量为理论反应所需投料量的1.2倍、反应时间为40min时,可使高浓度含铬废水中的六价铬得到有效去除。     

泥炭碱提取液E4/E6值表征泥炭腐殖化度及其古气候意义

采用AMS14C测年技术建立了哈尼泥炭地的年代序列,以泥炭碱提取液的E4/E6值(400nm和600nm处吸光度比值)来表征泥炭腐殖化度,并探讨其指示的古气候意义。研究结果表明:根据泥炭碱提取液E4/E6值与校正年龄的变化曲线,以及将其与哈尼泥炭400nm处吸光度直接表征腐殖化度的曲线进行对比,发现哈尼泥炭碱提取液的E4/E6值对古气候具有很好的指示意义,对全新世以来的气候突变事件以及前人研究的气候时期划分都能得到很好的对应,即哈尼泥炭碱提取液E4/E6值高,泥炭腐殖化度低,指示气候干冷,其E4/E6值低,泥炭腐殖化度高,指示气候暖湿。在今后的研究中,可结合E4/E6值来表征泥炭腐殖化度,并结合磁化率、孢粉等化学物理生物因子以及温度、湿度、水文、地质条件等其他因素来探讨泥炭腐殖化度对古气候的指示意义。