原位铁氧化物载铁活性炭的制备及其对水中As(Ⅲ)的去除性能

针对水中三价砷As(Ⅲ)毒害大、难去除的问题,本研究采用FeSO4/K2FeO4组合处理方式以恒温浸润法对活性炭进行改性,制备获得原位铁氧化物载铁活性炭(AFPAC),利用负载的铁氧化物的吸附性能,耦合活性炭的吸附和有效的固液分离功能,实现了As(Ⅲ)的高效去除.结果表明,当AFPAC投加量1g·L-1时,对初始质量浓...     

An International Comparative Analysis on China’s Economic Growth and the Convergence in Energy Intensity Gap and Its Economic Mechanism

Abstract

In this paper, the authors have empirically analyzed the convergence in per capita GDP gap and the convergence in the variation of energy intensity with respect to the change of per capita GDP between China and eight developed countries. Then, the authors run a regression on the impact of decisive factors of economic growth on energy intensity and its change, so as to find out the economic mechanism of energy intensity gap changing with respect to the variation of economic growth. This study concludes that: First, there is a convergence in per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries. With the convergence in per capita GDP gap, the energy intensity gap between China and eight different countries also converge, and the convergence rate of the latter is faster than that of the former, i.e. if the per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries decreases by 1%, the energy intensity gap between them will correspondingly decrease by 1.552%. Second, the energy intensity decreases with the improvement of industrial structure, the rising of energy prices, the advances of technology, and the expansion of investment in fixed assets, and it slightly increases with the increase of FDI. Third, the energy intensity gap between China and eight developed countries narrows with the lessening of the difference in fixed assets investment, energy prices, and technological progress between China and eight developed countries, yet increases with the narrowing of the difference in FDI, and has no significant correlation with the difference in industrial structure. Fourth, the narrowing of difference in per capita GDP between China and the eight developed countries can result in the lessening of energy intensity gap, whose economic mechanism is that the decisive factors, such as difference in investment, technology, and the competition mechanism of prices, which can determine the difference in economic growth, can significantly affect the energy intensity gap.     

宝鸡市夏季不同功能区挥发性有机物污染特征及健康风险评价

关中地区大气臭氧污染近年呈加剧趋势,研究城市不同功能区VOCs污染特征及其健康风险至关重要.夏季在宝鸡市交通区、综合区、工业区和风景区（对照点）设置4个采样点,利用气相色谱-质谱/氢火焰离子检测器联用（GC-MS/FID）和高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测了115种挥发性有机物（VOCs）,分析了不同功能区的污染特征,通过臭氧生成潜势（OFP）、·OH消耗速率（L_·OH）和二次气溶胶生成潜势（SOAFP）评估其环境影响,并计算毒性VOCs的危害指数（HI）和终生致癌概率（LCR）.结果表明,采样期间交通区、综合区、工业区和风景区的φ（TVOCs）平均值分别为（59.63±23.85）×10^-9、（42.92±11.88）×10^-9、（60.27±24.09）×10^-9和（55.54±7.44）×10^-9,其中交通区烷烃占比最高,其它功能区均为含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）占比最高;不同功能区乙醛、丙酮、正丁烷和异戊烷等均较为丰富.交通区、综合区、工业区和风景区的甲苯与苯比值（T/B）的均值分别为1.84、2.39、1.28和1.64,同时还存在较多低于1的时段,异戊烷与正戊烷比值（i/n）多数集中在1~4之间,表明宝鸡市VOCs受到机动车尾气和油气挥发、生物质和煤燃烧以及工业涂装和铸造等工业源的影响较大.4个功能区的间/对-二甲苯与乙苯的比值（X/E）均低于2,风景区最小为1.79,表明宝鸡市VOCs一定程度上受到区域传输的影响;根据甲醛与乙醛比值（C1/C2）和乙醛与丙醛比值（C2/C3）,表明醛酮类VOCs存在较明显的人为排放源且受到光化学反应的影响.各功能区OFP为：工业区>风景区>交通区>综合区,OVOCs和烯烃贡献大;各功能区L_·OH的范围为8.77~15.82 s^-1,工业区乙醛贡献最大,其它功能区异戊二烯贡献大;各功能区SOAFP为：风景区>综合区>交通区>工业区,甲苯、间/对-二甲苯和异戊二烯为关键物种.根据EPA的健康风险评价方法,各功能区的毒性VOCs的危害指数（HI）均低于1,处于可接受水平,但工业区HI>1的天数占总采样天数的42.86%,存在较大风险;交通区、综合区、工业区和风景区的终生致癌风险（LCR）分别为1.83×10^-5、1.21×10^-5、1.85×10^-5和1.63×10^-5,均处于评价体系的第Ⅲ等级,表明有较大可能的致癌风险,LCR超过10^-6的物种有：甲醛、乙醛、1,2-二溴乙烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,2-二氯丙烷和氯仿.     

淮南煤矿区地表水和地下水水化学特征及控制因素

为厘清淮南矿区地表水和地下水水化学特征和控制因素,采集115组地下水和30组地表水样品,基于数理统计、 Piper三线图、 Gibbs图、矿物稳定场图和离子比例系数等方法,分析了淮南煤矿区地表水和地下水的水文地球化学特征,研究了其水化学特征演变规律.结果表明,淮南煤矿区地下水和地表水呈弱碱性,地表水和地下水中优势阴阳离子为HCO^-₃、 Ca⁺和Na⁺.HCO₃-Ca型和HCO₃-Ca·Na·Mg型为地表水和地下水的主要水化学类型.地下水和地表水的水化学特征主要受岩石风化作用控制,阳离子交替吸附和蒸发对其有一定的促进作用.水岩作用以硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物的溶解为主,碳酸盐岩的溶解制约Ca²⁺、 Mg²⁺和HCO^-₃等离子的变化.地表水和地下水中Cl^-、 SO₄^2-、 NO^-₃     

沈阳经济区生态环境风险联防联控与应急联动机制研究

通过调查识别沈阳经济区内沈阳与其他4市交界处较大及以上环境风险企业情况,定性判断交界处环境风险等级,列举分析可能发生的环境事故,并结合沈阳经济区当前环境应急能力,建立沈阳经济区生态环境风险联防联控与应急联动机制.在此过程中得到结论:辽河、浑河是沈阳经济区突发水环境事件重要载体,需要重点关注并制定相应的环境风险防控措施;...     

风蚀扬尘抑尘剂效率测试方法与应用

风蚀扬尘抑尘剂是一种控制风蚀扬尘的有效措施,探讨使用便携式风洞(PI-SWERL)测试风蚀扬尘抑尘剂效率的方法,并对比国内外2种抑尘剂对风蚀扬尘PM2. 5的抑制效率,以研究喷洒方式、稀释倍数和风速对抑尘效率的影响.结果表明:①按照推荐的稀释倍数分别配置G和Enviroseal(ES)抑尘剂水溶液并测试,液滴喷洒方式对应的抑尘效率优于雾化喷洒方式,在17. 2 m·s~(-1)(相当于8级风)风速时G抑尘剂效率(99. 5%)优于ES抑尘剂(94. 0%)和水(77. 5%);②对稀释倍数为50、100、150、200和400倍的G抑尘剂进行测试,在17. 2 m·s~(-1)风速时,抑尘效率分别为99. 7%、99. 5%、99. 7%、98. 1%和95. 9%,可根据抑尘效率变化拐点确定抑尘剂最佳成本效益稀释倍数;在13. 1～17. 2 m·s~(-1)风速范围内,抑尘效率随风速增加而增加.③使用便携式风洞测试风蚀扬尘抑尘剂效率的方法,可以量化抑尘剂对风蚀扬尘PM2. 5的抑制效率,建议对风蚀扬尘抑尘剂开展抑尘有效期和环境友好性测试.     

Effects of Information on Perceived Crowding and Encounter Norms

People receive information about visiting places from a variety of sources, and it is important to understand how information affects recreation experiences. This study examines how different information treatments describing a recreation place influence perceived crowding and encounter norms. The study location was the Jungmoeri area of Mudeungsan Provincial Park (MPP) in Korea. Data were collected from 50 college students utilizing a series of simulated moving pictures in a laboratory setting. Respondents were given information describing three different types of conditions and experiences (nature preserve, transition/buffer, and developed area), plus a no information control. Results showed that information influenced perceived crowding and encounter norms. For the range of encounter numbers depicted in the photos, the nature preserve treatment produced higher crowding ratings and lower tolerances for encounters, the developed area treatment produced lower crowding ratings and higher tolerances, and the transition/buffer and the control were in between. Information treatments also influence the perceived importance of encounter numbers, and importance was highest for the nature preserve. Management implications are discussed.     

双流县金马河饮用水源地水质自动监测系统介绍

为了及时、准确地掌握金马河水质状况,预警重大或流域性水质污染事件,确保饮用水水源地安全,双流县于2008年建立了县级饮用水源水质自动监测系统。本文详细介绍了水质自动监测系统的组成和特点,为其他水质自动系统的构建提供了有益的参考。     

“5·12”地震前后都江堰市地表覆盖状况变化分析

本文以应用遥感技术,对“5·12”地震都江堰区域地表覆盖状况进行分析评价。选取都江堰市基于2007年的LandsatTM影像和2010年HJ-1卫星CCD影像,通过面向对象和目视解译相结合的方法,提取了草地、河流、旱地、水田、建设用地等9类生态类型环境覆盖信息。结果表明：“5·12”汶川地震对地表生态环境的变化较大,北...     

企业安全管理中的非正式群体功能探析

在企业中非正式群体是客观存在的,它对企业安全管理具有正向（积极）和负向（消极）的双重功能。如果正确引导,非正式群体可弥补正式群体的不足,在实现企业安全生产目标中发挥重要的作用,反之,则会干扰企业安全生产目标的实现。企业安全管理者应正视非正式群体的存在,并正确认识非正式群体,充分利用其特点,加强引导与控制,因势利导,趋利避害,调动一切积极因素,为实现企业安全目标服务。本文介绍了企业非正式群体的类型及特点,阐述了在企业安全管理中如何加强对非正式群体的引导、利用及控制管理,充分发挥非正式群体的正向功能,限制其负向功能。