烟气脱汞技术研究进展

基于现阶段烟气汞的排放情况,介绍当前燃煤电站的几种烟气脱汞技术。主要是先将零价汞氧化为二价汞,再进行脱除。其中利用现有烟气控制设备,活性炭吸附及添加改性物质,有比较好的脱汞效率,电催化、光催化以及等离子体脱汞等新技术处于研发阶段,而烟气中多种污染物协同脱除有较好的应用前景。     

Study on the influence of material thermal characteristics on dust explosion parameters of three long-chain monobasic alcohols

Sensitivity and severity parameters are critical for risk assessment and safety management of dust explosions. In this paper, to reveal the effects of material thermal characteristics on dust explosions parameters during monobasic alcohols dust explosions, three long chain monobasic alcohols, being solid at room temperature and similar in physical–chemical properties, were chosen to carry out experiments in different functional test apparatus according to the internationally accepted ASTM standards. As a result, it was found that the material thermal characteristics strongly affected these basic explosive parameters. On the one hand, for the sensitivity parameters, Minimum Ignition Temperature, Minimum Ignition Energy and Electrical Resistivity were the highest in the Eicosanol dust cloud, while Minimum Explosible Concentration in this cloud was the lowest. On the other hand, for severity parameters, Maximum Explosion Pressure in Eicosanol dust cloud always maintained the highest values as varying the dust concentrations. In contrast, Deflagration Index showed a complex trend.     

中药复方对锦鲤诱食活性及促生长的影响

以锦鲤为试验对象,研究中药复方制剂对锦鲤的诱食活性及促生长的影响。实验分为4组,Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础饲料;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ为实验组,分别在基础饲料中添加150mL/kg、200mL/kg、250mL/kg的中药复方。喂食20d后的结果表明,各实验组均有较强的诱食活性(P<0.05),Ⅱ组效果最显著(P<0.01);Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组质量增加率和肥满度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组效果最显著(P<0.01),各实验组均能明显降低饲料系数(P<0.05)。     

Forecasting of municipal solid waste generation in China based on an optimized grey multiple regression model

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The massive generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) has become an essential social problem that not only damages the ecological environment but...     

乌海市高分辨率大气污染源排放清单构建及其在臭氧污染成因探究中的应用

乌海市是我国典型的煤焦化工业基地,大气污染物排放总量较大且近年来夏季O₃污染问题逐渐突出,明确大气污染物排放特征,探究O₃污染形成机制是客观认识其O₃污染现状,科学制定污染控制措施的基础.基于"系数法"采用自下而上的方式构建了2018年乌海市高分辨率大气污染源排放清单（HEI-WH18）,利用WRF-Chem对HEI-WH18的适用性和准确性进行评估,并结合模式诊断模块探究了乌海市夏季O₃污染形成的原因.排放清单结果表明,2018年乌海市SO₂、NO_x、CO、PM₁₀、PM_2.5、VOCs、NH₃、BC和OC的排放总量分别为65943、40934、172867、159771、47469、69191、1407、1491和1648 t ·a^-1.与MEIC清单相比,利用HEI-WH18能更好地捕捉到O₃及其前体物的排放变化规律和量级,适用于乌海市夏季O₃的模拟及其来源分析研究.从O₃及前体物的空间分布来看,乌海市海勃湾城区白天为O₃高值区,3个工业园区无论白天和夜间均为O₃低值区和NO₂高值区,CO的空间分布特征与煤层及矸石堆自燃源一致.根据对O₃污染过程的诊断分析,边界层中高层O₃浓度的升高主要是平流输送和化学过程共同作用的结果,低层O₃浓度的升高是垂直混合和平流输送导致的,化学过程在低层的贡献较为复杂,其正贡献起到了维持高O₃浓度的作用,负贡献结合平流输送造成了O₃污染的最终消散.     

MAMA双功能螯合剂前体的合成及结构表征

双功能螯合剂在放射性药物的研究、合成、应用,特别是在生物分子的放射性标记方面发挥着极为重要的作用.本文采用简易方法合成了MAMA双功能螯合剂前体,N-(2"-对甲氧苄巯乙基)-2-[(2'-对甲氧苄巯乙基)氨基]乙酰胺,并通过Uv-vis、IR、1HNMR、MS以及元素分析等对其结构组成进行了确证;同时,利用Gaussian 03W程序对其进行了结构优化描述,并计算了相应的分子能量.此外,对制备得到的前体进行了稳定化处理,将其转化为盐酸盐形式,并用IR、1HNMR等进行了检验,确定了此处理是合理可行的.     

神经毒剂沙林的破坏机理研究

采用VAMP和密度泛函程序DMol3计算了沙林的生成热,并用VAMP-PM3/UHF半经验方法对沙林裂解的过渡态进行了优化计算,共发现9种过渡态,据此判断化学键断裂的难易顺序为P=O＞P-F＞P-O＞C-O＞P-C＞C-C＞C-H; C-H键断裂的活化能最小,可能与氢原子迁移到氧原子上有关.活化能小于相应的键解离能,计算结果能解释沙林的质谱数据.计算结果对使用低当量小型核武器破坏沙林等生化武器(核除剂)的可行性提供了能量上的参考,即试图通过计算得出有效的原位破坏沙林等生化战剂所需的最低能量,进而研究使用低当量小型核武器破坏沙林等生化武器的可行性.     

3-Hydroxy-2-butanone and the first encounter fight in the male lobster cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea

Although agonistic behavior in the male lobster cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea, has been known for more than 40 years, this is the first study to directly collect and quantify the emitted pheromones. In the present study, emitted volatile pheromones were collected from each male pair for 60 min during the first encounter fight and identified and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The major compound collected was 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (3H-2B). The strength of the attack by the dominant male was classified into three categories from weakest (C) to strongest (A). Of the 92 pairs, eight (8.7%) showed no agonistic interactions, and the amount of 3H-2B collected was 121.8±37.7 ng/male pair. In the five pairs (5.4%) displaying attack strength C, the amount of 3H-2B collected was 689.6±273.7 ng/male pair, and the attack duration was 9.6±2.4 min. In the 53 pairs (57.6%) showing attack strength B, the corresponding values were 5396.2±449.0 ng/male pair and 22.7±1.6 min, while those for the 26 pairs (28.3%) showing attack strength A were 7910.4±1120.6 ng/male pair and 24.9±2.9 min. For both attack strengths A and B, a linear relationship was found between the amount of 3H-2B collected and attack duration, suggesting that the longer the duration of the attack, the more 3H-2B was emitted. In addition, the rate of 3H-2B emission for attack strength A was significantly higher than that for attack strength B. Using Vaseline-coating, we demonstrated that, in the first encounter fight, the 3H-2B was emitted by the dominant male.     

Industrial sustainability in China: practice and prospects for eco-industrial development

China is a large densely populated country undergoing rapid industrialization and is becoming one of the world's biggest consumers of natural resources. This circumstance provides a sharp contrast with other countries. As China is so significant in the global economy, studies of its eco-industrial development are very important. In this study we examined the state of eco-industrial development in China and have drawn conclusions from this analysis about some of the future prospects for sustainable development. In the analysis, we investigated the application of industrial ecology concepts by reference to several case studies. We have therefore described the current environmental situation in China, and have provided an overview of eco-industrial development and its implementation. Constraints to industrial sustainability in China have also been examined. We consider that eco-industrial development in China is in its infancy, and that closed loops involving chains and industrial symbiotic webs are the technological key and core of successful initiatives in the application of industrial ecology. In the case studies, we found that each system has different characteristics and management concerns. Our major conclusion is that even though China's Agenda 21 highlights the principles and sets the directions for eco-industrial development, these have not yet become essential ingredients in the country's industrial policy and practice for implementing Agenda 21.     

河北省小城镇发展中的问题和对策

本文分析了河北省小城镇发展中存在的诸多制约因素 :阐述了城乡一体化 ,破除二元结构 ,构建有利于小城镇发展的社会环境的构想 ,并提出了关于改革城乡居民户籍管理制度、乡镇企业向镇区集中等一系列建议和措施