化固定化Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1细胞降解MTBE及动力学特性分析

采用海藻酸钙包埋固定化高效降解菌Methylobium petroleiphilum PM1降解水相中的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE),考察了不同强化方法对凝胶颗粒机械强度和降解活性的影响.响应面结果表明,交联剂和培养基中Ca2+浓度分别为0.2 mol·L-1和1.38mmol·L-1,化学交联剂聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)浓度为...     

化固定化Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1细胞降解MTBE及动力学特性分析

采用海藻酸钙包埋固定化高效降解菌Methylobium petroleiphilum PM1降解水相中的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE),考察了不同强化方法对凝胶颗粒机械强度和降解活性的影响.响应面结果表明,交联剂和培养基中Ca2+浓度分别为0.2 mol·L-1和1.38mmol·L-1,化学交联剂聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)浓度为0.1%时,强化固定化细胞具有较高的降解活性.在此条件下,凝胶颗粒在24h内机械破碎率仅为5.98%,并能连续使用400 h以上,未出现颗粒溶解破碎现象,降解速率较为稳定.扫描电镜观察,PEI处理后的凝胶颗粒表面形成一层薄膜,能有效防止细胞泄漏,并能维持PM1细胞良好的生长繁殖.动力学分析表明,降解的限速步骤为生化反应,直径3 mm凝胶颗粒对底物的扩散限制最弱;而高浓度的PEI能引起严重的扩散限制现象.     

不同磷石膏添加量与接种菌根对玉米生长及磷、砷、硫吸收的影响

通过盆栽模拟试验研究了不同磷石膏（PG）添加量（0、20、40g·kg-1）和接种3种丛枝菌根真菌（Glomus mosseae（GM）、Glomus aggregatum（GA）、Diversispora spurcum（DS））对玉米生长及其磷、硫、砷吸收的影响.试验结果表明：随磷石膏添加量的提高,土壤有效磷、有效...     

好氧及厌氧/好氧序批式工艺中磷化氢的释放

采用二次冷阱富集-气相色谱法作为磷化氢的检测方法,以高纯氮吹脱取样的方式,对好氧序批式工艺及厌氧/好氧序批式工艺中磷化氢的存在及其在工艺中的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,两种工艺中均检测到磷化氢的存在。好氧序批式工艺中,磷化氢呈递减趋势,运行后期可间断性的检测到低水平（〈0.4 ng/L）磷化氢。厌氧/好氧序批式工艺中...     

Control of membrane fouling during hyperhaline municipal wastewater treatment using a pilot-scale anoxic/aerobic-membrane bioreactor system

Membrane fouling limits the effects of long-term stable operation of membrane bioreactor (MBR). Control of membrane fouling can extend the membrane life and reduce water treatment cost effectively. A pilot scale anoxic/aerobic-membrane bioreactor (A/O-MBR, 40 L/hr) was used to treat the hyperhaline municipal sewage from a processing zone of Tianjin, China. Impact factors including mixed liquid sludge suspension (MLSS), sludge viscosity (μup), microorganisms, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), aeration intensity and suction/suspended time on membrane fouling and pollution control were studied. The relationships among various factors associated with membrane fouling were analyzed. Results showed that there was a positive correlation among MLSS, sludge viscosity and trans-membrane pressure (TMP). Considering water treatment efficiency and stable operation of the membrane module, MLSS of 5 g/L was suggested for the process. There was a same trend among EPS, sludge viscosity and TMP. Numbers and species of microorganisms affected membrane fouling. Either too high or too low aeration intensity was not conducive to membrane fouling control. Aeration intensity of 1.0 m³/hr (gas/water ratio of 25:1) is suggested for the process. A long suction time caused a rapid increase in membrane resistance. However, long suspended time cannot prevent the increase of membrane resistance effectively even though a suspended time was necessary for scale off particles from the membrane surface. The suction/suspended time of 12 min/3 min was selected for the process. The interaction of various environmental factors and operation conditions must be considered synthetically.     

Analysis of bacterial community in bulking sludge using culture-dependent and -independent approaches

Combination of 16S rRNA gene clone library and cultivation for assessing of bacterial diversity of the microflora in bulking sludge was evaluated in the study.     

Comparison of bacterial community structures in two systems of a sewage treatment plant using PCR-DGGE analysis

Bacterial community was investigated during sludge bulking period using combination of PCR amplification of 16sRNA genes with DGGE analysis.     

苯酚和吡啶在竹质活性炭上的吸附研究

以焦化废水中的代表性污染物苯酚和吡啶为吸附质,以颗粒竹质活性炭为吸附剂,考察了苯酚和吡啶在竹质活性炭上的吸附性能以及两种化合物之间的竞争吸附关系.结果发现:竹质活性炭对苯酚的吸附较符合Langmuir等温式,对吡啶的吸附较符合Freundlich等温式,苯酚和吡啶的最大吸附量分别为122.0 mg/g和344.8 mg/g.该竹质活性炭对苯酚和吡啶的吸附符合拟二级动力学方程,吸附均在4.0 h时达到平衡,当两种化合物共存于溶液中时,其吸附动力学过程和吸附平衡时间未受影响,但竞争吸附导致苯酚和吡啶的平衡吸附量分别下降了10.4%和20.8%.     

纳米FeO作用下4-氯酚的脱氯特性及机理

采用化学还原法制备了纳米Fe^O, ESEM测定结果表明其颗粒在1～100 nm内. 实验表明这些纳米Fe^O能在20 h内将初始浓度为20 mg/L的4-氯酚完全降解, Fe^O对4-CP的还原脱氯是主要去除途径. 苯酚是脱氯反应的主要产物. 当4-CP的初始浓度由20　mg/L增大到50, 100, 150　mg/L时, 其相对去除率明显降低, 但绝对降解量有较大提高. 温度不仅影响脱氯速率, 而且影响4-CP去除的途径. 30℃时, 脱氯反应为主要反应; １０℃时, 较易产生氧化产物. Fe原子的迁移过程在4-CP的降解中也是一个重要的限速步骤. 此外, 纳米Fe^O具有很好的稳定性, 在受试的379　h内, 纳米Fe^O能够应对不同浓度冲击及反复投加的4-氯酚冲击的能力.     

聚苯胺/电气石电极对微生物燃料电池的影响

文章以电气石和聚苯胺为材料,利用电化学方法来修饰石墨电极。其中以石墨电极、聚苯胺修饰的石墨电极和聚苯胺、电气石共同修饰的石墨电极作对照实验,分别为微生物燃料电池反应器1、2和3的生物阴极材料。生物阴极型微生物燃料电池是以微生物作为阴极的催化剂,微生物催化剂相比贵金属它不仅降低了微生物燃料电池应用的成本,而且还可以保持高的催化性能。因此,寻找一种高电导率、高生物适应性以及能够加强生物催化性能的电极材料对微生物燃料电池的发展有很大的影响。当反应器外电路电阻控制在800Ω时,反应器1、2和3的最大输出电压稳定在(0.20±0.005)、(0.26±0.005)和(0.37±0.005)V,同时反应器1、2和3的最大功率密度分别为54、138和266 m W/m2。而循环伏安曲线的结果也表明聚苯胺、电气石修饰的电极材料催化性能优于其余2种电极材料。因此说明电气石适合作为修饰生物阴极的材料。