催化氧化法处理工业废水的研究进展

对Fenton试剂法、光催化氧化法、电催化氧化法、湿式催化氧化法及其它催化氧化法的研究现状和在工业废水处理中的应用情况作了介绍，并且提出了需要加强研究的方向。     

上海燃煤电厂大气汞排放初探

燃煤电厂是主要的人为汞排放源之一，也是上海城市范围内最大的大气汞排放点源。耗煤量、煤汞含量、燃烧装置的结构以及空气污染控制装置的协同除汞能力是影响燃煤电厂大气汞排放的主要因素。文章利用历年的统计数据和美国环境保护局的经验值筛选出汞排放的影响因子，粗略估算了上海燃煤电厂的大气汞年排放量，从空气污染控制装置的协同除汞效果．改进颗粒物控制装置、提高烟气脱硫系统的汞捕集能力、投加粉末状活性碳的除汞效果等方面，分析了空气污染控制装置的除汞效果及其改进方法。     

火炬气回收及排放系统的优化

阐述了洛阳石化总厂火炬气排放及回收系统的优化改造措施，评价了在降低生产成本及环境保护等方面的效果。     

Environmental change in Bashang region historical periods

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＢａｓｈａｎｇｒｅｇｉｏｎｉｓｓｉｔｕａｔｅｄａｔｅａｓｔｌｏｎｇｉｔｕｄｅ113°50′-118°00′ａｎｄｎｏｒｔｈｌａｔｉｔｕｄｅ40°58′-42°42′,ｗｉｔｈａｎａｒｅａｏｆ17371ｋｍ2ｆｒｏｍＺｈａｎｇｊｉａｋｏｕｏｆｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＨｅｂｅｉｔｏｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｏｆＣｈｅｎｇｄｅ.ＴｈｅｒｅｇｉｏｎｌｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆａｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｚｏｎｅｆｒｏｍａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｔｏｐａｓｔｏｒａｌｒｅｇｉｏｎｓｏｆｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａ…     

中国主要土壤对钴的吸附特征

对我国几种土类对钴吸附的研究表明,在平衡钴浓度不很高的条件下,土壤对钴的等温吸附表现为直线型,吸附量有明显的从南到北增加的趋势.通过修正竞争吸附方程对pH-钴吸附量曲线的描述,揭示出影响我国土壤对钴吸附容量的主要因素是粘土矿物类型,其次为土壤有机质及粘粒含量;随着土壤中铁锰氧化物的增加;其吸附强度增加.可变电荷高的土壤对钴吸附受pH的影响非常明显.永久电荷为主的土壤则不然.低的土壤pH可抑制铁锰氧化物对钴的强烈吸附.     

高效降噪隔声材料的设计、研制与性能

根据声学原理．设计了制作新型隔声材料的方法，以及据此制成以PVC和橡胶的共混物作为基料．掺入其它成份的功能性复合材料。测试表明．该材料具有良好的隔声性能，1mm厚的薄片试样．在100～1600Hz范围内隔声性能达13～37dB：材料的力学性能．满足隔声材料的机械力学要求：材料还具有柔软，质轻与良好的可加工性。     

The enhancement of photodegradation efficiency using Pt–TiO2 catalyst

This study investigates the mechanism of photosensitization and the recombination of excited electron–hole pairs affected by depositing platinum (Pt) on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO₂). A new catalyst of Pt–TiO₂ was prepared by a photoreduction process. Being model reactions, the photocatalytic oxidation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solutions using the Pt–TiO₂ catalyst was carried out under either UV or visible light irradiation. The experimental results indicate that an optimal content of 0.75%Pt–TiO₂ achieves the best photocatalytic performance of MB and MO degradation and that the Pt–TiO₂ catalyst can be sensitized by visible light. The interaction of Pt and TiO₂ was investigated by means of UV–Vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence emission spectra, and X-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy. The Pt⁰, Pt²⁺ and Pt⁴⁺ species existing on the surface of Pt–TiO₂, and the Ti³⁺ species existing in its lattice may form a defect energy level. The Pt impurities, including Pt, Pt(OH)₂, and PtO₂, and the defect energy level absorb visible light more efficiently in comparison with the pure TiO₂ and hinder the recombination rate of excited electron–hole pairs.     

Variations in the emissions of volatile organic compounds from the toner for a specific photocopier

A laboratory thermal desorption apparatus was used to measure emissions from a number of nominally identical photocopier toners--manufactured to meet the specifications of one specific model copier--when these toners were heated to fuser temperature (180-200 degrees C). The objective was to assess how potential volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the toner for a given copier can vary, depending upon the production run and the supplier. Tests were performed on a series of toner (and associated raw polymer feedstock) samples obtained directly from a toner manufacturer, representing two production runs using a nonvented extrusion process, and on toner cartridges purchased from two local retailers, representing three different production lots (histories unknown). The results showed that the retailer toners consistently had up to 350% higher emissions of some major compounds (expressed as microgram of compound emitted/g of toner), and up to 100% lower emissions of others, relative to the manufacturer toners (p < or = 0.01). The manufacturer toners from one production run had emissions of certain compounds, and of total VOCs, that were modestly higher (13-18%) than those from the other run (p < or = 0.01). The emission differences between the retailer and manufacturer toners are probably due to differences in the manufacturing processes and/or feedstocks used to produce the toners from these different sources.     

Evaluation of trickle-bed air biofilter performance under periodic stressed operating conditions as a function of styrene loading

Trickle-bed air biofilters (TBABs) are suitable for treating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at a significantly high practical loading because of their controlled environmental conditions. The application of TBAB for treating styrene-contaminated air under periodic backwashing and cyclical nonuse periods at a styrene loading of 0.64-3.17 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/m3 x day was the main focus of this study. Consistent long-term efficient performance of TBAB strongly depended on biomass control. A periodic in situ upflow with nutrient solution under media fluidization, that is, backwashing, was approached in this study. Two different nonuse periods were employed to simulate a shutdown for equipment repair or during weekends and holidays. The first is a starvation period without styrene loading, and the second is a stagnant period, which reflects no flow passing through the biofilter. For styrene loadings up to 1.9 kg COD/m3 x day, removal efficiencies consistently above 99% were achieved by conducting a coordinated biomass control strategy, that is, backwashing for 1 hr once per week. Under cyclical nonuse periods for styrene loadings up to 1.27 kg COD/m3 x day, stable long-term performance of the biofilter was maintained at more than 99% removal without employing backwashing. No substantial impact of nonuse periods on the biofilter performance was revealed. However, a coordinated biomass control by backwashing subsequently was unavoidable for attaining consistently high removal efficiency at a styrene loading of 3.17 kg COD/m3 x day. As styrene loading was increased, reacclimation of the biofilter to reach the 99% removal efficiency following backwashing or the nonuse periods was delayed. After the non-use periods, the response of the biofilter was a strong function of the biomass in the bed. No significant difference between the effects of the two different nonuse periods on TBAB performance was observed during the study period.     

Role of amination of a polymeric adsorbent on phenol adsorption from aqueous solution

Adsorption of seven phenols, one aromatic carboxylic acid and one sulfonated aromatic acid from aqueous solution, by a hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent (CHA-111) and the derivative animated by dimethylamine was compared. The results of different adsorption isotherms indicated that amino group on the polymeric matrix played a significant role on adsorption of almost all the employed compounds. For most employed compounds adsorption capacities increase to different degree and significantly for those with lower value of pK(a). It may be attributed to the enhanced adsorbent-adsorbate interaction for amino group introduced on the polymeric matrix. The empirical Freundlich isotherm equation was employed to interpret the adsorbent-adsorbate interaction. The adsorption enthalpy change indicated the uptake of phenols on MCH-111 to be an enhanced physical adsorption because of the hydrogen-bonding interaction. Adsorption kinetic study of phenols on CHA-111 and MCH-111 was also conducted and amino group on the matrix will reduce the adsorption rate for change of pore size distribution and loss of macroprous volume as well as the hydration effect on the surface partly.