基于响应面法的新型餐厨垃圾菌剂制备

设计三因素三水平实验并采用响应面优化法对反应适宜的实验参数进行了优化。选择温度、供氧条件和反应时间作为菌剂制备的可控因素,选择温度、菌剂投加量和木屑投加量(水分调节)作为菌剂处理厨余垃圾的可控因素,研究菌剂制备与处理垃圾的优化工艺参数。研究结果表明,菌剂的最优制备条件为:温度35℃、间歇震荡、培养108 h,按重量百分比为碎花生壳:刨花:鱼骨粉:麸皮:菌体=2:1:1:1:1比例制得的固体菌剂具有较高的活性。菌剂处理厨余垃圾的响应面优化法分析结果表明,当温度为45℃,菌剂投加量为6%,木屑投加量为30%时,厨余垃圾的减量率最大,2 d降解率可达40%。     

太湖不同营养类型湖区沉积物磷的形态与吸附行为的比较

选择太湖不同营养类型的湖区开展了沉积物磷形态与磷吸附行为的研究,结果表明,位于藻型湖区梅梁湾的T1点表层沉积物中的总磷(TP)含量高于位于草型湖区T2点的相应值,且沉积物吸附能(K)值与TP含量显著负相关(ppp0)值随深度递增,大型水生植物的存在促使表层沉积物维持磷汇的功能,T1点沉积物距表层10~15cm处EPC0值最低,故相应疏浚深度宜为10~15cm,这一结果为富营养化湖泊的修复提供了理论依据与技术参数。     

K2FeO4去除水体中的邻仲丁基4,6-二硝基苯酚

以水体中的邻仲丁基4,6-二硝基苯酚(DNBP)为研究对象,考察了K2FeO4在不同温度、pH和共存成分等条件下对其去除效果。结果表明,K2FeO4去除水体中DNBP所需的适宜pH为6.0~7.0,适宜温度在25~35℃,且K2FeO4与DNBP摩尔比大于20:1时,DNBP降解率大于90.0%。水体pH接近中性时,共存成分NH4Cl、NaCl、NaNO3和MnCl2对K2FeO4去除DNBP的影响很小。此外,K2FeO4与DNBP摩尔比较大时,DNBP的准一级动力学降解速率常数k与pH的关系符合Gauss模型。     

基于能值分析的农村污水处理工艺可持续性评价

随着我国城镇化和农村污水治理工作的不断推进,开展农村污水治理可持续性发展研究具有重要的现实意义。从工艺、地域等角度入手选取5个典型案例,分析农村污水处理工艺的可持续性。采用能值分析法探讨同种工艺在不同地区及不同工艺在同一地区的可持续性特点,并结合污水处理系统独特的复杂性对传统能值分析法进行改进,以更好地考察各系统对生态环境的影响及其可持续性。结果表明,对比分析分处常州、北京、广州的1#、2#和3#人工湿地系统,常州的1#系统的可持续性最强,北京的2#系统的可持续性最弱;对比地域相同的4#MBR、5#SBR、1#人工湿地系统发现,3个系统的可持续性依次增强。     

制备条件对锰氧化物SCR脱硝性能的影响

分别考察不同沉淀剂、溶液pH、煅烧温度和煅烧时间对制备MnOx催化剂及其低温SCR脱除NO性能的影响,并借助XRD和BET等表征手段分析各催化剂的物相和孔隙特性。结果表明,不同沉淀剂制备的MnOx催化剂的低温活性依次为:MnOx(Na2CO3) > MnOx((NH4)2CO3) > MnOx(NaOH) > MnOx(NH4OH)。表征结果表明,MnOx(Na2CO3)和MnOx((NH4)2CO3)催化剂之所以表现出突出的低温SCR活性,归因于混合氧化态的无定型结构和较大的比表面积。优选Na2CO3沉淀剂制备MnOx催化剂,最佳的煅烧温度和时间分别为350℃和6 h,而溶液pH对制备的MnOx催化剂的催化还原NO活性影响不明显。     

制糖滤泥用于燃煤烟气的脱硫

介绍了以碳酸法制糖产生的固体废弃物--制糖滤泥作为脱硫剂进行湿法烟气脱硫的工程应用实例,分析比较了该工艺的运行状况、优势及成本。工程投产后,运行稳定,二氧化硫排放浓度可达到(85±10)mg/m3,远低于《山东省火电厂大气污染物排放标准》(DB37/664-2013)中的排放标准限值,与传统的石灰石/石灰湿法脱硫相比,燃煤烟气的脱硫运行费用降低了24.4%;同时,利用制糖滤泥作为脱硫剂进行烟气脱硫,彻底解决了制糖滤泥的处理难题,实现了废物资源化,提高了碳法制糖企业和燃煤企业的经济效益。     

Nano-selenium controlled cadmium accumulation and improved photosynthesis in indica rice cultivated in lead and cadmium combined paddy soils

Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) are less toxic and more biocompatible than selenite or selenate. However, studies involving spraying with Se NPs for reducing accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in rice grains have been rarely reported as yet. Herein, indica rice seedlings cultivated in Cd+Pb-spiked paddy soils (denoted as positive control) were sprayed with Se NPs sols for four times from tillering to booting stage. Compared to positive control, 50–100 μmol/L Se NPs downregulated Cd transporters-related genes such as OsLCT1, OsHMA2 and OsCCX2 in leaves and OsLCT1, OsPCR1 and OsCCX2 genes in node I at filling stage. Meanwhile, Se-binding protein 1 was distinctly elevated, involving the repression of Cd and Pb transportation to rice grains. Se NPs also differentially improved RuBP carboxylase and chlorophylls especially some key genes and proteins involving photosynthetic system. Besides, 25–50 μmol/L Se NPs diminished reactive oxygen species overproduction from NADPH oxidases whereas boosted glutathione peroxidase, reducing protein carbonylation in rice seedlings. However, the antioxidant isozymes and oxidatively modified proteins were slightly rebounded at 100 μmol/L. Se contents were noticeably elevated and confirmed to exist as selenomethionine in the rice grains following all the treatments by Se NPs. Thus, the optimal dosage of Se NPs for foliar application is 50 μmol/L, which significantly decreased Cd accumulation, improved photosynthesis and Se enrichment whereas caused no distinct reduction of Pb in the grains. Thus, an appropriate dosage of Se NPs can be conducted to decrease Cd accumulation, improve photosynthesis, and organic Se contents in rice grains.     

Utilization of coal gangue for the production of brick

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Coal gangue, an industrial solid waste discarded from coal mining and processing, was used as the sole raw material to prepare brick. The coal...     

芳香族醛酮化合物溶解度和分配系数的测定与估算

本文测定了１５种芳香族醛酮化合物的溶解度和正辛醇－水分配系数,研究了水溶解度及分配系数与分子连接性能指数的相关性。结果表明,溶解度和分配系数之间以及与分子连接性指数呈较好的线性关系。