全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1882篇 |
免费 | 43篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 79篇 |
废物处理 | 101篇 |
环保管理 | 361篇 |
综合类 | 207篇 |
基础理论 | 501篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 455篇 |
评价与监测 | 109篇 |
社会与环境 | 93篇 |
灾害及防治 | 23篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 19篇 |
2020年 | 24篇 |
2019年 | 24篇 |
2018年 | 42篇 |
2017年 | 30篇 |
2016年 | 64篇 |
2015年 | 49篇 |
2014年 | 54篇 |
2013年 | 172篇 |
2012年 | 63篇 |
2011年 | 108篇 |
2010年 | 68篇 |
2009年 | 81篇 |
2008年 | 78篇 |
2007年 | 99篇 |
2006年 | 87篇 |
2005年 | 73篇 |
2004年 | 54篇 |
2003年 | 60篇 |
2002年 | 63篇 |
2001年 | 51篇 |
2000年 | 30篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 28篇 |
1996年 | 28篇 |
1995年 | 44篇 |
1994年 | 34篇 |
1993年 | 28篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 33篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 26篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有1931条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
83.
Catherine A. Heaney Barbara A. Israel Susan J. Schurman Elizabeth A. Baker James S. House Margrit Hugentobler 《组织行为杂志》1993,14(5):495-510
The workplace has become the locus of many stress management and stress reduction interventions. However, little attention has focused on how worksite factors affect the implementation and impact of such interventions. In this paper, we investigate the effect of new versus traditional industrial relations practices on the impact of a worksite stress reduction program in a manufacturing setting. More specifically, a participatory action research (PAR) stress project is described and evaluated in two different labor–management relations contexts. One organization is characterized by the emerging ’new‘ industrial relations system where labor–management relations incorporate elements of joint problem-solving. The other organization has a more traditional approach where labor–management relations are formally adversarial. Results indicate that the labor–management relations context did influence the impact of the stress project. Involvement in the PAR stress project enhanced employee participation in decision-making in both contexts. However, involvement in the stress project enhanced employees' perceptions of the climate for participation only in the organization with more cooperative industrial relations. Increases in coworker support and decreases in depressive symptoms were associated with involvement in the PAR stress project in the organization with more adversarial industrial relations. 相似文献
84.
85.
The association between safety climate, job satisfaction and turnover intention has not been thoroughly researched. This research is needed so that safety researchers and practitioners can begin to delineate the impact of safety on organizational and business outcomes. A path analysis was completed using data from a national sample of workers from the USA (n?=?1525). The overall fit of the model was excellent and analyses determined that both training and resource adequacy positively affected safety climate and job satisfaction. Safety climate also positively influenced job satisfaction. Both safety climate and job satisfaction were negatively associated with respondents’ turnover intention. In the study, the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention is reiterated in a sample of workers across many industries. This study is novel because it is one of the first studies to confirm that turnover intention is reduced with increased safety climate in a diverse sample of workers. 相似文献
86.
Augmenting Watershed Model Calibration with Incorporation of Ancillary Data Sources and Qualitative Soft Data Sources 下载免费PDF全文
Haw Yen Michael J. White James C. Ascough II Douglas R. Smith Jeffrey G. Arnold 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(3):788-798
Watershed simulation models such as the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) can be calibrated using “hard data” such as temporal streamflow observations; however, users may find upon examination of model outputs, that the calibrated models may not reflect actual watershed behavior. Thus, it is often advantageous to use “soft data” (i.e., qualitative knowledge such as expected denitrification rates that observed time series do not typically exist) to ensure that the calibrated model is representative of the real world. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of coupling SWAT‐Check (a post‐evaluation framework for SWAT outputs) and IPEAT‐SD (Integrated Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis Tool‐Soft & hard Data evaluation) to constrain the bounds of soft data during SWAT auto‐calibration. IPEAT‐SD integrates 59 soft data variables to ensure SWAT does not violate physical processes known to occur in watersheds. IPEAT‐SD was evaluated for two case studies where soft data such as denitrification rate, nitrate attributed from subsurface flow to total discharge ratio, and total sediment loading were used to conduct model calibration. Results indicated that SWAT model outputs may not satisfy reasonable soft data responses without providing pre‐defined bounds. IPEAT‐SD provides an efficient and rigorous framework for users to conduct future studies while considering both soft data and traditional hard information measures in watershed modeling. 相似文献
87.
88.
Integrity of chloroplast membranes is essential to photosynthesis. Loss of thylakoid membrane integrity has been proposed as a consequence of ozone (O(3)) exposure and therefore may be a mechanistic basis for decreased photosynthetic rates commonly associated with ozone exposure. To investigate this hypothesis, Pinus ponderosa seedlings were exposed to ambient air or ozone concentrations maintained at 0.15 or 0.30 microliter l(-1) for 10 h day(-1) for 51 days during their second growing season. Over the course of the study, foliage samples were periodically collected for thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll and protein analyses. Additionally, gas-exchange measurements were made in conjunction with foliage sampling to verify that observed chloroplastic responses were associated with ozone-induced changes in photosynthesis.Needles exposed to elevated ozone exhibited decreases in chlorophyll a and b content. The decreases were dependent on the duration and intensity of ozone exposure. When based on equal amounts of chlorophyll, ozone-exposed sample tissue exhibited an increase in total protein. When based on equal amounts of protein, ozone-exposed samples exhibited an increase in 37 kDa proteins, possibly consisting of breakdown products, and a possible decrease in 68 kDa proteins, Rubisco small subunit. There was also a change in the ratio of Photosystem I protein complexes CPI and CPII that may have contributed to decreased photosynthesis. Net photosynthetic rates were decreased in the high ozone treatment suggesting that observed structural and biochemical changes in the chloroplast were associated with alterations of the photosynthetic process. 相似文献
89.
Weyer PJ Smith BJ Feng ZF Kantamneni JR Riley DG 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,116(1-3):81-90
Nitrate contamination of water sources is a concern where large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers are regularly applied to soils.
Ingested nitrate from dietary sources and drinking water can be converted to nitrite and ultimately to N-nitroso compounds,
many of which are known carcinogens. Epidemiologic studies of drinking water nitrate and cancer report mixed findings; a criticism
is the use of nitrate concentrations from retrospective drinking water data to assign exposure levels. Residential point-of-use
nitrate data are scarce; gaps in historical data for municipal supply finished water hamper exposure classification efforts.
We used generalized linear regression models to estimate and compare historical raw water and finished water nitrate levels
(1960s--1990s) in single source Iowa municipal supplies to determine whether raw water monitoring data could supplement finished
water data to improve exposure assessment. Comparison of raw water and finished water samples (same sampling date) showed
a significant difference in nitrate levels in municipalities using rivers; municipalities using other surface water or alluvial
groundwater had no difference in nitrate levels. A regional aggregation of alluvial groundwater municipalities was constructed
based on results from a previous study showing regional differences in nitrate contamination of private wells; results from
this analysis were mixed, dependent upon region and decade. These analyses demonstrate using historical raw water nitrate
monitoring data to supplement finished water data for exposure assessment is appropriate for individual Iowa municipal supplies
using alluvial groundwater, lakes or reservoirs. Using alluvial raw water data on a regional basis is dependent on region
and decade. 相似文献
90.
Deployment in a crisis zone is a perilous undertaking. Little is known right now about how humanitarian workers relate social and professional goals to lived experiences of high-risk environments. In South Sudan, ranked as the most dangerous country globally for aid workers, 20 international humanitarian staff were interviewed to examine their sense of place, well-being, and vocation, using thematic and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Subjectivities of humanitarian space hinged upon negotiating physical hardships and social relationships: Juba, the capital, was described as a ‘prison’ and a ‘party hotspot’. For expatriate staff, making sense of spatial, social, and professional transience was sharply gendered and rooted in the subjectivities of risk-taking, crisis management, and career-building. Two policy measures are highlighted here to address the implications of transience for human well-being and organisational effectiveness. Efforts to support teams and structure work environments, altering the humanitarian and vocational bubble, will help to develop resilience at the heart of humanitarian systems. 相似文献