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41.
Faical Akaichi Steven de Grauw Paul Darmon Cesar Revoredo-Giha 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2016,29(6):969-984
Several studies on ethical and social food attributes have shown that consumers, especially in developed countries, are willing to pay a price premium for fair trade foods products. However, there is a scant literature on how consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for fair trade products are affected by the presence of other ethical food attributes. To fill this gap, a choice experiment was conducted in Scotland, the Netherlands and France to assess consumers’ preferences and WTP for ethical attributes, i.e., fairtrade, organic, and lower carbon footprint, of bananas and to find out whether this ethical food attributes are competing in real markets. The results showed that in the three countries consumers are willing to pay a price premium for the three ethical food attributes. The results showed that in the current market situation these ethical foods are not generally competing against each other. Nonetheless, they are likely to become competing for consumer’s money at least when: (1) the price of organic foods is decreased significantly, (2) the price for fairtrade food products is set higher than consumers’ WTP, and (3) bananas labeled as having lower carbon footprint are made available in retail stores and sold at a price lower than consumers’ WTP. 相似文献
42.
Pablo Cicero-Fernandez Victor Torres Alberto Rosales Herman Cesar Kees Dorland Roberto Muñoz 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1586-1593
ABSTRACT The main goal of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of outdoor exposure to fine particulate matter (PM10) potentially experienced by the population of metropolitan Mexico City. With the use of a geographic information system (GIS), spatially resolved PM10 distributions were generated and linked to the local population. The PM10 concentration exceeded the 24-hr air quality standard of 150 μg/m3 on 16% of the days, and the annual air quality standard of 50 μg/m3 was exceeded by almost twice its value in some places. The basic methodology described in this paper integrates spatial demographic and air quality databases, allowing the evaluation of various air pollution reduction scenarios. Achieving the annual air quality standard would represent a reduction in the annual arithmetic average concentration of 14 μg/m3 for the typical inhabitant. Human exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with mortality and morbidity in Mexico City; reducing the concentration levels of this pollutant would represent a reduction in mortality and morbidity and the associated cost of such impacts. This methodology is critical to assessing the potential benefits of the current initiative to improve air quality implemented by the Environmental Metropolitan Commission of Mexico City. 相似文献
43.
Jozélia Correia Ricardo Cesar Eliane Marsico George Tadeu Nunes Diniz Mauricio Camargo Zorro Zuleica Castilhos 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(23):13522-13527
Mercury (Hg) concentrations in muscles of wild alligators (Melanosuchus niger) from the Mamirauá Reservoir (a reference area in the Brazilian Amazon) and the human health risks associated with its consumption were assessed. The mean Hg concentration in alligator muscles was 0.407?±?0.114 μg/g (N?=?61). Close to 5 % of the muscle samples showed Hg levels above the World Health Organization guideline for fish consumption (0.5 μg/g). A positive and significant relationship was observed between Hg concentrations in muscle and the age of the specimens. The dose-response approach suggests that close to 27.4 years is required for half of the exposed specimens to attain 0.5 μg/g. The hazard quotient (HQ) is a risk indicator which defines the ratio of exposure level and a toxicological reference dose. HQ resulted above the unity for all the specimens when the ingestion rate for riverine communities (200 g of muscle per day) is considered, indicating the existence of hazard. When the ingestion rate for market consumers (28.57 g/day) is considered, the risks are much lower (mean HQ?=?0.55), suggesting that such group is not at risk. The establishment of local and regional ingestion rates for riverine populations and market consumers is extremely recommended. 相似文献
44.
de Jesus Azevedo Carina Cristina de Oliveira Rhaul Suares-Rocha Paula Sousa-Moura Diego Li Augusto Tianwen Grisolia Cesar Koppe de Aragão Umbuzeiro Gisela Montagner Cassiana Carolina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(2):1866-1877
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The dyes Auramine and Auramine O are used in several industrial products, despite the scarce information regarding their ecotoxicity. The aim of the... 相似文献
45.
Moizés Martins JuniorMarcello Silva e Santos Mario Cesar R. VidalPaulo Victor R. de Carvalho 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(1):33-39
This article aims to demonstrate the need for changing the methods with which accidents are analyzed, if we truly wish to use what we uncover from them to learn and enrich our knowledge base of organizational management. The goal is to relinquish the broadly adopted and rather simplistic paradigm that accepts the search for human error and unsafe acts performed by workers, and produces “guilt diagnostics”. Instead, we use a systemic accident analysis methodology, based on the sociotechnical principle of understanding the real operating conditions in which accidents take place. In order to demonstrate the benefits of the theoretical framework, we compare the analyses of an Anhydrous Ammonia gas leakage accident in a fish processing plant using the traditional accident analysis model based on unsafe acts and the proposed systemic approach. The results favor the latter since it tends to be more reliable and offering useful recommendations to safety management processes, thus helping to prevent accidents, especially in complex systems. 相似文献
46.
Guanabara Bay is a 384-km2 coastal bay with 70% of the population of the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro located within its drainage basin. The
water quality of the Bay is impacted by domestic and industrial runoff, of which only 15% has been adequately treated. However,
based on a 14-year monitoring program, the water quality for most of Guanabara Bay remains acceptable because of intense tidal
flushing, and we failed to find a worsening of conditions during the 14-year study. The inner shallow regions of the Bay,
the western and northwestern parts, receive most of the drainage from metropolitan Rio de Janeiro. It is here that the water
quality is alarmingly poor, characterized by hypertrophic conditions and occasional hypoxic events. Fecal coliform counts
in these inner reaches of the Bay are 4–100 times higher than the maximum acceptable count for recreational waters. Hypertrophic
conditions prevail in Guanabara Bay, which is characterized by low dissolved oxygen, high biochemical oxygen demand, peaks
in fecal coliform, and extremely high chlorophyll-a concentrations, which reflect high quantities of nutrients entering the system. These anthropogenic pressures are a threat
to planktonic and benthic communities and are reminiscent of San Francisco Bay 30 years ago. The Guanabara Bay water quality
could be returned to pre-1950 conditions, but it would require sufficient political will and economic investment to ensure
that at least 80–90% of the domestic and industrial sewage were treated adequately.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
47.
Cesar Rodriguez-Saona Therese M. Poland James R. Miller Lukasz L. Stelinski Gary G. Grant Peter de Groot Linda Buchan Linda MacDonald 《Chemoecology》2006,16(2):75-86
Summary. We investigated the volatile emissions of Manchurian ash seedlings, Fraxinus mandshurica, in response to feeding by the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, and to exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Feeding damage by adult A. planipennis and MeJA treatment increased volatile emissions compared to unexposed controls. Although the same compounds were emitted
from plants damaged by beetles and treated with MeJA, quantitative differences were found in the amounts of emissions for
individual compounds. Adult virgin female A. planipennis were similarly attracted to volatiles from plants damaged by beetles and those treated with MeJA in olfactometer bioassays;
males did not respond significantly to the same volatiles. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD)
revealed at least 16 antennally-active compounds from F. mandshurica, including: hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 3-methyl-butylaldoxime, 2-methyl-butylaldoxime, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, hexyl acetate, (E)-β-ocimene, linalool, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and E,E-α-farnesene. Electroantennogram (EAG) dose–response curves using synthetic compounds revealed that females had a stronger
EAG response to linalool than males; and male responses were greater to: hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 3-methyl-butylaldoxime, 2-methyl-butylaldoxime, and hexyl acetate. These results suggest that females may
use induced volatiles in long-range host finding, while their role for males is unclear. If attraction of females to these
volatiles in an olfactometer is upheld by field experiments, host plant volatiles may find practical application in detection
and monitoring of A. planipennis populations. 相似文献
48.
Izonete Cristina Guiloski Stéfani Cibele Rossi Cesar Aparecido da Silva Helena Cristina Silva de Assis 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):272-277
This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of sublethal concentration of three different classes of insecticides (carbamate, organophosphate, and pyrethroid compounds) on the freshwater fish Corydoras paleatus. For this purpose, fish were exposed for 96 hours to commercial pesticides. Different biomarkers were analyzed as levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), piscine micronucleus test, and enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The brain AChE was inhibited with carbaryl and methyl parathion, but no inhibition was observed with deltamethrin. The insecticides did not cause oxidative stress or genotoxic effects at the tested concentrations. Further studies are needed to elucidate the biotransformation of Corydoras paleatus insecticides and a possible resistance mechanism. 相似文献
49.
Nineteen compounds listed in the category of priority substances (PS) were selected for a biodegradation study using standardized tests. The compounds consist of pesticides, chlorinated solvents and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this paper, the choice of the most suitable method is discussed in relation to the physico-chemical properties of each substance. Zahn-Wellens, manometric respirometry and closed-bottle tests are alternatively used. Experimental results are presented and interpreted. Toxicity (Microtox) and bacterial viability (Bac-light) are also used as tools to investigate the influence of each substance on the microbial population (activated sludge). In addition, experimental values are compared with predictive data calculated according to quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) models. Biodeg Models were permitted to correctly estimate 17 substances; Survey Models and screening tests also revealed the same behavior for 16 target compounds. 相似文献
50.
Our ecological footprint analyses of coral reef fish fisheries and, in particular, the live reef fish food trade (FT), indicate many countries' current consumption exceeds estimated sustainable per capita global, regional and local coral reef production levels. Hong Kong appropriates 25% of SE Asia's annual reef fish production of 135 260-286 560 tonnes (t) through its FT demand, exceeding regional biocapacity by 8.3 times; reef fish fisheries demand out-paces sustainable production in the Indo-Pacific and SE Asia by 2.5 and 6 times. In contrast, most Pacific islands live within their own reef fisheries means with local demand at < 20% of total capacity in Oceania. The FT annually requisitions up to 40% of SE Asia's estimated reef fish and virtually all of its estimated grouper yields. Our results underscore the unsustainable nature of the FT and the urgent need for regional management and conservation of coral reef fisheries in the Indo-Pacific. 相似文献