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91.
Ravikumar S Kathiresan K Alikhan SL Williams GP Gracelin NA 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2007,28(3):601-603
Inoculation of azotobacter has significant positive effects on the growth characteristics and pigments in mangrove seedlings of Avicennia marina and Ceriops decandra. The bacterial inoculation significantly increased the root dry biomass at the maximum of 75.8% at 30 gl(-1) salinity in Ceriops decandra. But in Avicennia marina, the shoot dry biomass was increased significantly at the maximum of 56.12% at 30 gl(-1) salinity in general, the Azotobacter beijerinkii improved the growth characteristics better in both species of mangroves preferably at higher salinity levels in A. marina and at a range of salinity in C. decandra. The results recommend this forraising vigorous seedlings under nursery conditions. 相似文献
92.
Chandra S Ram RN Singh IJ 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2004,25(3):239-249
The present study embodies the observations on duration (45, 75 and 105 days) dependent effects of toxicologically low concentration (16 ppm) of a carbamate pesticide, carbofuran, on first ovarian maturity with correlative recovery response by withdrawal of treatment for 30 days in virgin yearlings of common carp, Cyprinus carpio var. Communis. In control fish histological organization of ovary and changes in gonado-somatic index (GSI) revealed the initiation of oocyte differentiation and development at the commencement of experiment in December-January and peak of maturation with fully grown yolky oocytes was attained by the time of termination of experiment in the end of March. In carbofuran exposed groups ovaries exhibited retardation of development and growth evident by significantly decreased GSI and predominace of immature oocytes passing through nuclear-cytoplasmic degeneration of variable magnitude. Severity of degenerative changes was more pronounced with prolonged duration. In recovery group ovaries had experienced regeneration as clued by the presence of oocytes of differential stages including vitellogenic and fully grown oocytes. In liver histopathological changes coupled with significant decrease in hepato-somatic index (HSI) attributed hepatic inactivation in all exposure groups whereas in recovery group an increase in HSI value with marked sign of hepatic reactivation was evidenced. No significant change in values of condition (CF) and somatic condition (SCF) factors substantiated the over all normal health of fish. Lipid and water content of ovary, liver and muscle registered the significant decrease at 105th day of exposure with concomitant augmented value for recovery group. These observations suggest that the commercial formulation of carbofuran, even at this toxicologically low concentration, is equally capable of affecting the first ovarian maturity with associated physiological implications but with reversibility in toxicity by withdrawal of pesticide exposure attributing regeneration in affected organs in due course time. 相似文献
93.
94.
Amal Chandra Das Hemanta Nayek Arunabha Chakravarty 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(12):7453-7459
An experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of two systemic herbicides, viz. pendimethalin (a dinitroaniline) and quizalofop (an arylphenoxy propionic acid) at their recommended field application rates (1.0?kg and 50?g active ingredient per hectare, respectively), either separately or in a combination, on growth and activities of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in relation to their effects on biochemical transformations and availability of organic carbon, total and available phosphorus in a Typic Haplustept soil of West Bengal, India. Application of herbicides, in general, significantly stimulated the growth and activities of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms which increased microbial biomass resulting in higher accumulation of oxidizable organic carbon, total and available phosphorus in soil as compared to untreated control. The combined application of both the herbicides highly stimulated the proliferations of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, while pendimethalin alone significantly accentuated phosphate-solubilizing capacities 36.4% as compared to untreated control and retained highest amount of total phosphorus due to greater microbial activities in soil. The separate application of quizalofop also manifested an induced effect on the proliferations of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and accounted significant amounts of organic carbon and available phosphorus in the soil system. The results of the present study thus indicated that the cited herbicides at their field application rates can be safely used to eradicate weeds in the crop fields. 相似文献
95.
Shanmugam Packialakshmi N. K Ambujam Prakash Nelliyat 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(2):423-438
This paper describes the informal groundwater market existing in the urban–peri-urban interface of Chennai. The private water
tanker suppliers and packaged water industries utilize the land and water resources of the peri-urban villages. Thus, the
groundwater sources in peri-urban areas play a significant role in meeting the growing urban demand. The villages that are
experiencing the groundwater market are highly influenced by the urbanization and its related activities, due to their proximity
to the city. The transfer of groundwater from the peri-urban villages not only deprives the peri-urban areas of their water
rights but also leads to environmental damage. Agriculture declined in the water marketed villages in the range of 20–95 per
cent during 1990–2007. The pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater level fluctuation varied from 2–6 m to 0–5 m, respectively,
during 1971–2007. The declining trend of the groundwater table and agriculture is highly significant in the water marketing
villages. Moreover, the present groundwater quality is also in a susceptible state due to over extraction. Hence, strengthening
the legal and institutional framework to ensure an equitable access to water for both urban and peri-urban areas is urgently
required. This paper also describes the characteristics of the groundwater transfer, quantification of the marketed water,
the role of the existing regulatory framework, and the institutional mechanisms. Many stakeholder’s meeting and focus group
discussions have been conducted in the villages under study for understanding the socio-economic implications of the water
market. The study ultimately emphasized a sustainable groundwater extraction/market which will safeguard the interests of
the peri-urban and urban communities. 相似文献
96.
This study measured activities of serum enzymes alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), markers of liver function in albino rats after continuous ingestion of arsenic trioxide (As203). For the study, treated animals were given AS2O3 (0.2 mg/100 g/day) orally for 180 days. After the completion of treatment, the blood was collected for the estimation of serum biochemical markers. The results obtained were compared with control group. Data showed a significant increase in SGOT and SGPT activity after 60 days of As203 administration. The level of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase increased significantly after 90 and 120 days, respectively. Since the elevation of these serum enzymes is an indicator of hepatic damage, data indicate that As2O3 produces hepatotoxicity. When taken continuously, arsenic was also deposited in liver and blood and affected the enzymatic pathways. Total accumulated arsenic was determined by HG-AAS at 193.7 nm. 相似文献
97.
Chakrabortty Rabin Pal Subodh Chandra Arabameri Alireza Ngo Phuong Thao Thi Chowdhuri Indrajit Roy Paramita Malik Sadhan Das Biswajit 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(3):3558-3559
Environment, Development and Sustainability - 相似文献
98.
Sandeep Kar Jyoti Prakash Maity Alok Chandra Samal Subhas Chandra Santra 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,168(1-4):561-574
This study proposes a practical method to estimate elemental composition and distribution in order to attribute source and quantify impacts of aerosol particles at an urban region in Kolkata, India. Twelve-hour total particulates were collected in winter (2005–2006) and analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique to determine multi-elemental composition, especially trace metals. The aerosols consist of various elements including K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, and Pb which exhibit significant concentration at various sites (p?<?0.05). The concentration of different metallic elements were found in the order of Zn ?> ?Pb ?> ?Ni ?> ?Cu ?> ?Cr ?>? Co. Statistical multivariate analysis and correlation matrix analyses were performed for factor identification and consequent source apportionment. Contour profiles demonstrate spatial variation of elemental compositions indicating possible source contribution along with meteorological influences. Spatial differences were clearly most significant for Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cu reflecting the importance of anthropogenic inputs, primarily from automobile sources. 相似文献
99.
In relation to fluoride in ground water, dental fluorosis is studied in seven villages, viz., Nasipur, Vabanandapur, and Deshnabagram
under Nalhati I block and Kamdebpur, Chalk Atla, Nowapara, and Junitpur under Rampurhat II block, of Birbhum district, West
Bengal, India. Water samples (N = 70) were collected from the tube wells of the mentioned villages in the months of December 2010 to February 2011 and analyzed
for fluoride and other water parameters. The study result revealed that the fluoride levels of almost all the water samples
(95.7%) were higher than 1.5 mg/L, with mean values of 3.15 and 3.83 mg/L in Nalhati I block and Rampurhat II block, respectively.
Dental fluorosis of 490 respondents was visually determined by a competent dentist using Dean’s index (DI) and the tooth surface
index of fluorosis (TSIF). According to the DI, the percentage of severely affected respondents was lowest in Chalk Atla (0%)
and highest in Deshnabagram (50%). The percentage of severely affected respondents was lowest in Kamdebpur and Chalk Atla
(0%) and highest in Nowapara (20%) according to the TSIF score. The age group 10–20 years showed the highest percentage of
severe DI (40.8%) and the age group 21–30 years showed the highest percentage of severe TSIF (22.51%) compared to the other
age groups in the study. The positive relationship between the fluoride level in water and the severity of dental fluorosis
has been proved statistically. The high mean score of dental fluorosis indicates that dental fluorosis is endemic throughout
the study area. 相似文献
100.
Nickitas Georgas Srinivasan Rangarajan Kevin J. Farley Sarath Chandra K. Jagupilla 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(3):715-733
Abstract: The Generalized Watershed Loading Functions (GWLF) model and its ArcView interface (AVGWLF) were used to estimate and examine the components of the total nitrogen (TN) nonpoint source (NPS) load generated within New York and Connecticut (CT) watersheds surrounding Long Island Sound (LIS, the Sound). The majority of data used as model inputs were generally available from online sources, and the work involved an overall calibration to streamflow and TN data in accordance with generic guidelines recommended in the GWLF manual. The GWLF model performance for three calibration and two validation watersheds in CT was compared with results of a detailed model, Hydrological Simulation Program in Fortran, developed in a previous study. The results of the application illustrate the usefulness of the relatively simpler, less parameter‐intensive GWLF model in performing exploratory loading analysis in preparation for adaptive nutrient management in the LIS watersheds. The presented methodology is valuable for identification of priority watersheds for NPS pollution reduction and also for planning‐level evaluation of best management practices to achieve the desired reductions. It is estimated that ground‐water base flow may be the largest pathway for NPS TN to the Sound, contributing about 54% of the total NPS TN load, a finding with significant implications for LIS total maximum daily load reduction scenarios. In addition to ground water, septic systems are estimated to contribute about 17% of the total load, with the remaining TN load being mostly runoff from urban (17%), agricultural (5%), and low impact (e.g., forest) areas (6%). 相似文献