Interaction between Cu2+ and different types of surface-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron during their transport in porous media

This study investigated the interaction between Cu²⁺ and nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) coated with three types of stabilizers (i.e., polyacrylic acid [PAA], Tween-20 and starch) by examining the Cu²⁺ uptake, colloidal stability and mobility of surface-modified NZVI (SM-NZVI) in the presence of Cu²⁺. The uptake of Cu²⁺ by SM-NZVI and the colloidal stability of the Cu-bearing SM-NZVI were examined in batch tests. The results showed that NZVI coated with different modifiers exhibited different affinities for Cu²⁺, which resulted in varying colloidal stability of different SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu²⁺. The presence of Cu²⁺ exerted a slight influence on the aggregation and settling of NZVI modified with PAA or Tween-20. However, the presence of Cu²⁺ caused significant aggregation and sedimentation of starch-modified NZVI, which is due to Cu²⁺ complexation with the starch molecules coated on the surface of the particles. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the co-transport of Cu²⁺ in association with SM-NZVI in water-saturated quartz sand. It was presumed that a physical straining mechanism accounted for the retention of Cu-bearing SM-NZVI in the porous media. Moreover, the enhanced aggregation of SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu²⁺ may be contributing to this straining effect.     

污泥堆肥及其应用研究

随着城市化进程的不断推进,城市污水厂所处理的污水量不断增大,由此产生了数量庞大的污泥,致使城市污水厂的污泥的合理处理处置成为研究热点.目前污泥的主要处理方法有卫生填埋、污泥堆肥以及焚烧等,其中污泥堆肥为诸多学者所赞同.文章探讨了污泥堆肥的基本原理与过程,介绍了条垛式堆肥系统、强制通风静态垛系统、反应器堆肥系统以及槽式堆肥系统的发展与污泥堆肥在农业以及绿化方面的应用情况,以期为污泥堆肥的发展与应用提供一定的参考.     

基于油田钻井企业的HSE管理诊断

按照19个要素对某钻井公司HSE管理体系进行了诊断,提出HSE管理体系运行中的管理弱点,并进行改进.     

三峡库区树坪滑坡变形特征及其诱发因素研究

三峡库区树坪滑坡为典型的古崩滑堆积型滑坡,自2003年三峡水库蓄水以来其变形明显.本文采用两步聚类法对树坪滑坡的监测数据进行了定性化处理,并在此基础上采用Apriori算法研究了该滑坡的变形特征及其与诱发因素之间的关系.结果表明:库水位是引起树坪滑坡位移变形的主要诱发因素,且该滑坡因每年库水位的升降而呈现周期性的变形特征;降雨是引起树坪滑坡位移变形的次要诱发因素,随着库水作用下滑坡体原有裂隙的扩张及产生新的裂隙,降雨对滑坡变形的影响将逐渐增强.     

不同季节中水回用于景观水体的藻类增长模拟

文章基于wASP的富营养化模型,模拟了在各季节中水回用于城市景观水体时,不同水质和换水周期条件下叶绿素a峰值和平衡浓度的变化情况.模拟结果表明:(1)在中水水质和换水周期一定时,水华风险在夏季最大,春秋季次之,冬季最小;(2)在夏季和春秋季节,叶绿素a平衡浓度随着换水周期的减小先升高后降低;并且当换水周期小于3天时,减...     

Improved atmospheric mercury simulation using updated gas-particle partition and organic aerosol concentrations

The gaseous or particulate forms of divalent mercury (Hg^II) significantly impact the spatial distribution of atmospheric mercury concentration and deposition flux (FLX). In the new nested-grid GEOS-Chem model, we try to modify the Hg^II gas-particle partitioning relationship with synchronous and hourly observations at four sites in China. Observations of gaseous oxidized Hg (GOM), particulate-bound Hg (PBM), and PM_2.5 were used to derive an empirical gas-particle partitioning coefficient as a function of temperature (T) and organic aerosol (OA) concentrations under different relative humidity (RH). Results showed that with increasing RH, the dominant process of Hg^II gas-particle partitioning changed from physical adsorption to chemical desorption. And the dominant factor of Hg^II gas-particle partitioning changed from T to OA concentrations. We thus improved the simulated OA concentration field by introducing intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) emission inventory into the model framework and refining the volatile distributions of I/SVOCs according to new filed tests in the recent literatures. Finally, normalized mean biases (NMBs) of monthly gaseous element mercury (GEM), GOM, PBM, WFLX were reduced from −33%–29%, 95%–300%, 64%–261%, 117%–122% to −13%–0%, −20%–80%, −31%–50%, −17%–23%. The improved model explains 69%–98% of the observed atmospheric Hg decrease during 2013–2020 and can serve as a useful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention on Mercury.     

Herbicide promotes the conjugative transfer of multi-resistance genes by facilitating cellular contact and plasmid transfer

The global dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs), especially via plasmidmediated horizontal transfer, is becoming a pervasive health threat. While our previous study found that herbicides can accelerate the horizontal gene transfer(HGT) of ARGs in soil bacteria, the underlying mechanisms by which herbicides promote the HGT of ARGs across and within bacterial genera are still unclear. Here, the underlying mechanism associated with herbicide-promoted HGT was analyzed by detecting intr...     

粉尘云最小点火能量的研究现状

通过大量文献调研,从3个方面整理并分析了近年来关于粉尘云最小点火能量的研究现状,即粉尘云着火及火焰传播过程的理论模拟、纳米粉体着火敏感特性的实验研究和可燃粉尘的惰化技术,并在此基础上提出进一步的研究建议,为相关理论技术的发展提供参考。     

Potential nitrogen enrichment of soil and surface water by atmospheric ammonia sorption in intensive livestock production areas

Elevated atmospheric NH₃ levels near intensive livestock operations can add significant N to local agroecosystems. In this study, the potential atmospheric NH₃ sorbed by soil and water was assessed over a 2-year period starting October 2000 in an intensive livestock production area in southern Alberta, Canada. Fifty-two uneven grid sampling sites were selected in the 53,905 ha study area. The sorption rate of atmospheric NH₃ was estimated weekly by exposing distilled water and air-dried soil samples to the atmosphere at the sampling sites. The increases in NH₄–N content in the samples after 1-week exposure was regarded as an index of the atmospheric NH₃ sorbed for that week. The NH₃ sorption rates were highly variable across the 52 sites, with water ranging from 4 to 125 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ with a mean of 22 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and soil from 5 to 84 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ with a mean of 20 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Considerable variation in NH₃–N sorption across the study area reflects the effects of size, direction (upwind or downwind) and proximity of nearby livestock operations or other NH₃ sources and operators’ activities around the sampling sites. The NH₃ sorption rate at each site also varied considerably in response to weather conditions. The high rate of NH₃ input poses a direct risk of surface water eutrophication in intensive livestock operation areas. If fertilizer recommendations are not reduced to account for NH₃ sorption by soil, excess N may also contribute to eutrophication through runoff and leaching.     

扫频脉冲磁场对电厂循环冷却水中异养菌的灭活研究

研究了扫频脉冲磁场对电厂循环冷却水中异养菌的影响,并对灭活关键因素进行了分析。实验结果表明,脉冲磁场对电厂循环冷却水中的异养菌有灭活作用。灭活率对频率和输出电压具有选择性,并且随着作用时间和温度的升高而升高。在扫频范围100～1 000Hz、输出电压3 V、单次作用时间为15 s,温度45℃时,异养菌灭活率可达78.8...