Nano-TiO2 Modified Wheat Straw/Polylactic Acid Composites Based on Synergistic Effect Between Interfacial Bridging and Heterogeneous Nucleation

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - To improve the interfacial compatibility of wheat straw/polylactic acid (WS/PLA) composites, nano-TiO2 with different particle sizes was blended with...     

Numerical analysis on a novel CGPFs for improving NOx conversion efficiency and particulate combustion efficiency to reduce exhaust pollutant emissions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Improving the NOx conversion efficiency and particulate combustion efficiency under cold-start conditions (low-temperature conditions) is still the...     

Numerical model for static chamber measurement of multi-component landfill gas emissions and its application

The quantitative assessment of landfill gas emissions is essential to assess the performance of the landfill cover and gas collection system. The relative error of the measured surface emission of landfill gas may be induced by the static flux chamber technique. This study aims to quantify effects of the size of the chamber, the insertion depth, pressure differential on the relative errors by using an integrated approach of in situ tests, and numerical modeling. A field experiment study of landfill gas emission is conducted by using a static chamber at one landfill site in Xi’an, Northwest China. Additionally, a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model for multi-component gas transport in the soil and the static chamber is developed based on the dusty-gas model (DGM). The proposed model is validated by the field data obtained in this study and a set of experimental data in the literature. The results show that DGM model has a better capacity to predict gas transport under a wider range of permeability compared to Blanc’s method. This is due to the fact that DGM model can explain the interaction among gases (e.g., CH₄, CO₂, O₂, and N₂) and the Knudsen diffusion process while these mechanisms are not included in Blanc’s model. Increasing the size and the insertion depth of static chambers can reduce the relative error for the flux of CH₄ and CO₂. For example, increasing the height of chambers from 0.55 to 1.1 m can decrease relative errors of CH₄ and CO₂ flux by 17% and 18%, respectively. Moreover, we find that gas emission fluxes for the case with positive pressure differential (?P_in-out) are greater than that of the case without considering pressure fluctuations. The Monte Carlo method was adopted to carry out the statistical analysis for quantifying the range of relative errors. The agreement of the measured field data and predicted results demonstrated that the proposed model has the capacity to quantify the emission of landfill gas from the landfill cover systems.

     

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an excellent vertebrate model for the development,reproductive, cardiovascular,and neural and ocular development toxicity study of hazardous chemicals

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the past decades, the type of chemicals has gradually increased all over the world, and many of these chemicals may have a potentially toxic effect...     

Preparation,characterization, and Cd(II) sorption of/on cysteine-montmorillonite composites synthesized at various pH

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Montmorillonite-cysteine could be used as the immobilizer, detector, and detoxifier of heavy metals. To further the understanding and the application,...     

不同分子量及离子度的CPAM对污泥脱水性能的影响研究

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)以其良好的絮凝效果被广泛用于改善市政污泥的脱水性能.然而,由于CPAM的分子量和离子度存在多样性,其促进市政污泥脱水的机理尚不明确.本研究通过测定CPAM调理后的污泥比阻、污泥上清液浊度、Zeta电位、胞外聚合物,对12组不同分子量和离子度的CPAM促进污泥脱水的机理进行研究.结果表明:CPAM能显著提高胶体絮凝能力,进而改善污泥的脱水性能;在CPAM的离子度或者分子量较低(离子度40%或分子量6×106)时,其絮凝机理主要表现为吸附架桥;随着离子度和分子量增加到50%和8×106时,CPAM的电中和作用显著增强,并与吸附架桥作用协同促进污泥的絮凝脱水;CPAM离子度的增加更能减少胞外聚合物中核酸含量,这有利于降低污泥亲水性能,从而促进其脱水.     

芦苇制浆废水的生态工程处理

本文主要讨论了生态工程处理芦苇制浆中段废水的工艺流程及其主要组成部分稳定塘和苇田的设计参。通过对工程预期处理效果和生态经济效益分析，认为在可供利用的大片苇田，运用生态工程处理纸浆废水，不仅可以达到控制污染的目的，而且可以取得较好的生态经济效益。     

南岳森林群落生物多样性研究(Ⅳ)上封寺森林群落学特征

根据实地考察及其研究结果,南岳上封寺森林群落是一种尚未报道过的新类型,即长叶石栎+多脉青冈-尾叶山茶-求米草群丛(Association ofLithocarpus henryi+ Cyclobalanopsis multinervis—Camellia cauaata—Oplismeatus undulatifolius)。该群落内有维管束植物44科、64属、73种;其属的区系性质是以温带性质占多数,温带、热带性质成分各计53.45％和46.55％;种的区系成分以华夏、东亚和华东-华中三种分布类型为主,分别占总数的25.35％、22.53％和12.68％,群落区系具有明显的华东-华中区系的过渡交汇性质。在群落中,木本植物和草本植物各占73.87％和26.03％,其中草本植物中,多年生占20.55％。该群落明显分为乔、灌、草三层,其中乔木层又可分为二个亚层,它是典型的中亚热带东部常绿阔叶林北部植被地理亚带中的常绿阔叶林。在群落演替过程中,它仍将保持常绿阔叶林性质,但其优势种可能会被尾叶山茶、多脉青冈取代。     

Scrap Iron Filings assisted nitrate and phosphate removal in low C/N waters using mixed microbial culture

• Microbes enhance denitrification under varying DO concentrations and SIF dosages. • Abiotic nitrate reduction rates are proportional to SIF age and dosage. • Over 80% of the simultaneously loaded NO₃⁻-N and PO₄³⁻ is removed biologically. This study focuses on identifying the factors under which mixed microbial seeds assist bio-chemical denitrification when Scrap Iron Filings (SIF) are used as electron donors and adsorbents in low C/N ratio waters. Batch studies were conducted in abiotic and biotic reactors containing fresh and aged SIF under different dissolved oxygen concentrations with NO₃⁻-N and/or PO₄^3- influent(s) and their nitrate/phosphate removal and by-product formations were studied. Batch reactors were seeded with a homogenized mixed microbial inoculum procured from natural sludges which were enriched over 6 months under denitrifying conditions in the presence of SIF. Results indicated that when influent containing 40 mg/L of NO₃⁻-N was treated with 5 g SIF, 79.9% nitrate reduction was observed in 8 days abiotically and 100% removal was accomplished in 20 days when the reactor was seeded. Both abiotic and seeded reactors removed more than 92% PO₄³⁻ under high DO conditions in 12 days. Abiotic and biochemical removal of NO₃⁻-N and abiotic removal of PO₄³⁻ were higher under independent NO₃⁻-N/PO₄³⁻ loading, while 99% PO₄^3- was removed biochemically under combined NO₃⁻-N and PO₄³⁻ loading. This study furthers the understandings of nitrate and phosphate removal in Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) assisted mixed microbial systems to encourage the application of SIF-supported bio-chemical processes in the simultaneous removals of these pollutants.     

A two-compartment exposure device for foliar uptake study

An airtight two-chamber exposure devise was designed for investigating foliar uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by plants. The upper and the bottom chambers of the device were air-tightly separated by an aluminum foil and the plant aerial tissues and roots were exposed in the two chambers, respectively. The device was tested using maize exposed to several PAH species. Positive correlations between air and aerial tissue concentrations of the exposed PAH species were revealed. PAHs spiking in the culture solution had no influence on the leaf concentrations.