巯基化合物存在下无机汞的光化学甲基化

本文研究了在巯基化合物L-半胱氨酸、硫代乙醇酸存在下醋酸水溶液中无机汞的光化学甲基化过程.结果表明巯基化合物对汞的甲基化具有明显的增强作用并在此过程中起光敏剂的作用.     

连云港市水环境整治规划研究

本文在“控源导流”思想的指导下，根据连云港市水环境污染现状，提出了连云港市水环境整治规划方案，它包括蔷薇河水源保护工程、新沂河污水资源化生态工程、市区（新海地区）污水治理工程、石梁河水库水源保护工程和四县城区污水治理工程五大工程，试图根治连云港市水污染。     

Light-induced formation of hydroxyl radicals in fog waters determined by an authentic fog constituent,hydroxymethanesulfonate

The determination of the photo-production rate of hydroxyl radical (OH) in atmospheric liquids is of fundamental importance to an understanding of atmospheric aquatic chemistry. Recently, several studies have been performed to examine the photo-chemical formation rate of OH in cloud and fog waters using a free radical quenching technique with addition of a relatively large concentration of organic compounds as an OH scavenger. The addition of free-radical scavenger chemicals may significantly alter the nature of the sample water and its OH production rate. In this paper, an authentic constituent, hydroxymethanesulfonate, is proposed as a free radical probe for the measurement of photo-chemical generation rate of OH in fog water. At 313 nm, an apparent quantum yield for the production of OH in a fog water was found to be 0.012+/-0.001, indicating that aqueous-phase photo-chemical processes could represent a significant and may be a dominant source of OH in atmospheric liquids.     

盐城市区污水资源化海涂生态工程研究

盐城市区污水资源化海涂生态工程是根据“控源导流”整治战略构建的一项示范工程。拟将盐城市区污水截流入网,用污水渠道送至海涂生态工程,实现污水治理和资源化利用的结合。全程实行４级水质控制,生态工程的场址选择遵循“四忌四宜”原则,即忌人群、忌饮水、忌生食食品、忌超载,宜苇、宜林,宜草,宜粮。     

贫困的“物以类聚”：中国的农村空间贫困陷阱及其识别

理解贫困陷阱及其成因是理解减贫机制,进而理解贫困治理的基础。早期的实证研究注重从收入的角度研究农村贫困,较新的研究开始关注“空间外部性”对农村贫困的影响。然而,要正确识别农村的“贫困陷阱”,就需要对上述两个维度同时进行解释。鉴于此,运用中国县级层面的面板数据,从聚集与持久两个维度对中国的农村贫困陷阱进行了识别。研究结果表明：2006—2016年,中国农村的贫困空间格局几乎没有变化,并且贫困的空间分布与经济增长也并非是同步的,贫困县的分布主要与地形（坡度、海拔）因素有关;进一步研究还发现,中国的农村贫困具有持久性,贫困县收入存在低水平的均衡,贫困县与非贫困县之间存在收入的“俱乐部收敛”。本文揭示了空间外部性与农村贫困之间的关系,为正确评估经济发展与扶贫开发,合理制定区域反贫困瞄准机制提供了支持。     

基于CWSI的安徽省干旱时空特征及影响因素分析

安徽省是我国的农业大省和重要商品粮食基地,因受自然地理位置等因素的影响,安徽省旱灾频发。论文基于MOD16产品,利用作物缺水指数CWSI,结合气象数据和MOD13数据,分析2000—2014年安徽省干旱时空分布特征和影响因素,结论如下：1）基于MOD16产品计算的作物缺水指数可用于安徽省干旱的监测。2）2000—2014年间安徽省CWSI多年均值为0.524,最大值在2011年（0.569）,最小值在2003年（0.458）,整体上呈现弱增加趋势;具有较强的空间分异性,表现为南部湿润、北部干旱。各市多年CWSI年均值相差不大,但变化趋势各异,淮北平原地区和江淮之间地区呈现显著增加趋势,而皖南地区呈显著下降趋势。3）安徽省CWSI年内月变化整体上呈先减少后增加的单谷型趋势,1—6月和10—12月CWSI值较高,最大值在3月,为0.66,7—9月CWSI值较低,最小值在8月,为0.27,具有明显的季节性差异,淮北平原易出现春旱、秋旱和冬旱,江淮丘陵易出现春旱及秋旱,沿江地区易出现春旱。4）不同土地利用类型的CWSI年内变化特征差异明显,林地和草地整体上呈现先减少后增加的单谷趋势,其月均最大值在3月,城镇和耕地则表现为多峰趋势,最大月均值在6月。5）CWSI与降雨、温度以及植被的关系密切,在降雨较多的地区,温度较低,植被指数较高,CWSI值较小,干旱程度较轻,说明降雨对CWSI变化的影响较大。     

Quantification of multi-antibiotic resistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in bioaerosols in and around a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant

Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) are thought to be a "seedbed" and reservoirs for multi-antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria which can be transmitted to the air environment through aeration. We quantified airborne multi-antibiotic resistance in a full-scale plant to treat antibiotics-producing wastewater by collecting bioaerosol samples from December2014 to July 2015. Gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacteria(GNOPB) were isolated, and antibiotic susceptibility tests against 18 commonly used antibiotics, including 11 β-lactam antibiotics, 3 aminoglycosides, 2 fluoroquinolones, 1 furan and 1 sulfonamide, were conducted.More than 45% of airborne bacteria isolated from the pharmaceutical WWTP were resistant to three or more antibiotics, and some opportunistic pathogenic strains were resistant to 16 antibiotics, whereas 45.3% and 50.3% of the strains isolated from residential community and municipal WWTP showed resistance to three or more antibiotics. The calculation of the multiple antibiotic resistance(MAR) index demonstrated that the air environment in the pharmaceutical WWTP was highly impacted by antibiotic resistance, while the residential community and municipal WWTP was less impacted by antibiotic resistance. In addition, we determined that the dominant genera of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria isolated from all bioaerosol samples were Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pantoea, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas. Collectively, these results indicate the proliferations and spread of antibiotic resistance through bioaerosols in WWTP treating cephalosporin-producing wastewater, which imposed a potential health risk for the staff and residents in the neighborhood, calling for administrative measures to minimize the air-transmission hazard.     

混凝法在硫酸软骨素废水后处理中的应用

硫酸软骨素是一种重要的生化制品，在其生产过程中产生了大量的高浓度有机废水。其COD值高达100g／L。以山东某生化制品有限公司硫酸软骨素废水为对象，对其后处理进行了研究。结果表明，后处理采用混凝处理工艺，可使生化处理后的废水的COD由316mg/L降至76mg／L，出水达到了GB8978-1996国家一级排放标准。     

Effects of mixture ratio on anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable waste and food waste of China

The biochemical methane potentials for typical fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and food waste (FW) from a northern China city were investigated, which were 0.30, 0.56 m3 CH4/kgVS (volatile solids) with biodegradabilities of 59.3% and 83.6%, respectively. Individual anaerobic digestion testes of FVW and FW were conducted at the organic loading rate (OLR) of 3 kg VS/(m3 day) using a lab-scale continuous stirred-tank reactor at 35°C. FVW could be digested stably with the biogas production rate of 2.17 m3/(m3 day) and methane production yield of 0.42 m3 CH4/kg VS. However, anaerobic digestion process for FW was failed due to acids accumulation. The effects of FVW: FW ratio on co-digestion stability and performance were further investigated at the same OLR. At FVW and FW mixing ratios of 2:1 and 1:1, the performance and operation of the digester were maintained stable, with no accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia. Changing the feed to a higher FW content in a ratio of FVW to FW 1:2, resulted in an increase in VFAs concentration to 1100–1200 mg/L, and the methanogenesis was slightly inhibited. At the optimum mixture ratio 1:1 for co-digestion of FVW with FW, the methane production yield was 0.49 m3 CH4/kg VS, and the volatile solids and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal efficiencies were 74.9% and 96.1%, respectively.