城市生活垃圾与煤流化床混烧过程中氮氧化物排放研究

针对我国城市生活垃圾热值低等特性。在流化装置上进行了城市生活垃圾与煤混燃实验，研究了在混燃过程中城市生活垃圾与煤掺烧比例及床层温度变化对NO和N2O排放浓度的影响。实验结果显示，随掺烧垃圾量逐渐增加时，NO排放浓度降低。而N2O排放浓度先降低然后增加，当城市生活垃圾与煤掺烧比例恒定时，随床温的增加NO排放浓度增加，N2O排放浓度呈下降趋势，采用前向式神经网络，以掺烧比和床温作为输入参数，对NO的排放进行预测。结果显示精度较高。     

高级氧化技术强化皮革废水生化处理效果初探

皮革废水中含大量难降解有机物，导致常规好氧生化处理速率低、效果差。实验考察了在US（超声波）、UV（紫外光）、US／Fenton、UV／Fenton等高级氧化技术强化作用下的生化处理效果，结果表明，在相同水质和实验条件下。废水经US、UV处理30min后可使后续生化反应速率显著提高，分别反应8h、24h后的COD去除率即可达到直接经微生物处理48h后达到的48％，但延长反应时间至48h对COD去除率没有明显提高；Fenton试剂强化US、UV的处理效果要高于单独US、UV工艺．经30min预处理，随后在徽生物作用下分别反应4h和8h即可达到45％和51％的COD去除率，同时延长反应时间也能使最终COD去除率明显提高，反应48h后，COD去除率可分别提高至64％和72％。     

卡扣式机械连接预应力实心方桩承台节点力学性能有限元分析

介绍了一种新桩型-卡扣式机械连接预应力混凝土实心方桩,然后针对卡扣式机械连接预应力混凝土实心方桩和承台处节点试验中没有考虑的因素进行了数值模拟分析,包括预应力方桩配箍率、增加的普通钢筋配筋率以及不同有效预应力等因素,以探究这些因素对预应力方桩承台节点力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:不同箍筋间距对节点的水平最大承载能力影响较小;箍筋间距越小,对混凝土的约束能力就越大,节点水平承载力的下降段越平缓;箍筋间距越大,水平承载力的下降段越陡峭,刚度退化越快。提高有效预压应力可以提高节点处的水平承载能力;有效预应力越大,桩身会发生更大的损伤,有效预应力越小,承台会发生更大的损伤;增加普通钢筋,能有效改善预应力方桩的延性和水平承载能力;使用大直径钢筋能增加节点的锚固性能,桩身承受更多的损伤。数值模拟成果可为卡扣式机械连接混凝土实心方桩的后期改进和应用推广提供可靠的依据。     

Occurrence and photochemical degradation of 17alpha-ethinylestradiol in Acushnet River Estuary

17alpha-Ethinylestradiol (EE2), a major constituent of common contraceptive pills, and three other estrogenic hormones, estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2) and mestranol (MeEE2) have been determined in Acushnet River Estuary seawater using a GC-MS technique. Among three estrogenic compounds detected, EE2 has the highest concentration, up to 4.7 ng/l, at which EE2 may affect lobster and other fish abundance in the coastal seawater due to its high biological activity on fish feminization. Two natural estrogenic hormones, E1 and E2 have also been found in the estuary at concentrations up to 1.2 ng/l and 0.83 ng/l, respectively. Although EE2 is persistent to microbial degradation, it can undergo a rapid photodegradation in estuarine seawater under natural sunlight irradiation, with a half-life of less than 1.5 days in spring sunny days.     

褐菖鲉肝HSC70基因的环介导等温扩增技术的建立及对石油污染的剂量效应研究

从褐菖鲉肝脏中克隆了热休克蛋白HSC70基因,利用环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)建立HSC70基因的定量检测方法。为检测该方法的可行性,将褐菖鲉分别暴露于石油水溶性成分(water-soluble fraction,WSF) 20、60、180 μg·L^-1 1 d后,利用real-time PCR及LAMP技术同时测定褐菖鲉肝HSC70 mRNA表达量,两种方法测定结果基本一致,证实LAMP技术可用于褐菖鲉肝HSC70基因的定量。为更细致了解石油WSF影响褐菖鲉肝脏HSC70基因表达的剂量－效应关系,将褐菖鲉分别暴露于25、50、75、100、125、150、175 μg·L^-1 WSF中,5天后采样,用LAMP技术定量检测HSC70 mRNA。结果表明,HSC70 mRNA表达量在50 μg·L^-1浓度组即被显著诱导,在75 μg·L^-1浓度下达到最大值,这说明褐菖鲉肝HSC70基因对石油污染较敏感,有潜力作为海洋石油污染的生物标志物。     

Scaling up of biomass simulation for Eucalyptus plantations based on landsenses ecology

ABSTRACT

Sustainable forest management on a regional scale requires accurate biomass estimation. At present, technologically comprehensive forecasting estimates are generated using process-based ecological models. However, isolation of the ecological factors that cause uncertainty in model behavior is difficult. To solve this problem, this study aimed to construct a meliorization model evaluation framework to explain uncertainty in model behavior with respect to both the mechanisms and algorithms involved in ecological forecasting based on the principle of landsenses ecology. We introduce a complicated ecological driving mechanism to the process-based ecological model using analytical software and algorithms. Subsequently, as a case study, we apply the meliorization model evaluation framework to detect Eucalyptus biomass forest patches at a regional scale (196,158 ha) using the 3PG2 (Physiological Principles in Predicting Growth) model. Our results show that this technique improves the accuracy of ecological simulation for ecological forecasting and prevents new uncertainties from being produced by adding a new driving mechanism to the original model structure. This result was supported by our Eucalyptus biomass simulation using the 3PG2 model, in which ecological factors caused 21.83% and 9.05% uncertainty in model behavior temporal and spatial forecasting, respectively. In conclusion, the systematic meliorization model evaluation framework reported here provides a new method that could be applied to research requiring comprehensive ecological forecasting. Sustainable forest management on regional scales contributes to accurate forest biomass simulation through the principle of landsenses ecology, in which mix-marching data and a meliorization model are combined.     

抗生素菌渣处理处置技术进展

我国是抗生素原料药生产大国,抗生素菌渣产生量大、处理难度大,且属于危险固废,其合理、安全处置是目前制药企业亟待解决的难题。对抗生素菌渣的焚烧、肥料化、饲料化、填埋、能源化及其他处理处置技术的现状进行了归纳和总结,并对抗生素菌渣处理处置技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

论修订后《大气污染防治法》对环境监测的要求

2000年4月再次修订后的《大气污染防治法》对原有法律条款的内容作了重大修改。其重点是抓重点城市的大气污染防治、确定了大气污染物排放总量控制和许可证制度、加强机动车污染防治和城市扬尘的控制力度、强化法律责任等方面。作为环境管理组成部分的环境监测工作，要认真覆行新《大气法》赋予的法律职责，为环境执法提供技术支持。     

金属材料的环境影响因子及其评价

本文将环境意识引入金属材料学科。在考察金属元素分布的环境特征和生物效应的基础上，定义了环境影响因子ＥＡＦ，并引出了强度环境负荷比（σｂ／ρ）／ＥＡＦ等参数。由此综合评价了各种金属的性能与环境负荷间的关系     

基于AHP对生态脆弱性的灰色综合评价方法——以湖南省临湘市为例

为了对临湘市的实际生态脆弱性程度做出客观正确的评价,以便对该地区的社会经济持续发展提出科学依据,选取评价指标,构建指标体系并通过层次分析法确定各指标的权重;通过基于三角白化权函数的灰色评价法对各层次指标进行评价和分析并得到综合评价结果。