碱激发粉煤灰-钢渣地质聚合物的抗压强度实验研究

以粉煤灰和钢渣为主要原料,采用水玻璃和Na OH作为碱激发剂,制备出一种具有较高早期强度的地质聚合物胶凝材料。通过实验探讨了各因素对该地质聚合物强度发展的影响。同时,考察了钢渣的加入量对地质聚合物强度的影响。结果表明,当钢渣的加入量(质量分数)为25%,碱加入量为16%,水灰比为0.16,水玻璃加入量为24%时,各组试样的7 d和28 d抗压强度均在20 MPa以上。由XRD、FT-IR进一步分析得出,粉煤灰和钢渣的协同作用制备地质聚合物复合胶凝材料具有较好的早期和后期强度。     

智能石墨消解-ICP/MS测定土壤中的10种金属元素研究

使用智能石墨消解对土壤样品进行前处理,ICP/MS测定土壤中的V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb、Pb等10种金属元素含量。实验表明,智能石墨消解能将土壤样品消解完全,ICP-MS测定土壤标准样品结果均在保证值范围内、相对标准偏差在0.5%~4.6%之间,具有较好的精密度。该方法安全性高、污染少、操作简单、实现了智能化,适合大批量样品同时测定。     

Organic chloramines in chlorine-based disinfected watersystems: A critical review

This paper is a critical review of current knowledge of organic chloramines in water systems,including their formation, stability, toxicity, analyticalmethods for detection, and their impact on drinking water treatment and quality. The term organic chloramines may refer to any halogenated organic compounds measured as part of combined chlorine (the difference between themeasured free and total chlorine concentrations), andmay include N-chloramines, N-chloramino acids, N-chloraldimines and N-chloramides. Organic chloramines can form when dissolved organic nitrogen or dissolved organic carbon react with either free chlorine or inorganic chloramines. They are potentially harmful to humans and may exist as an intermediate for other disinfection by-products. However, little information is available on the formation or occurrence of organic chloramines in water due to a number of challenges. One of the biggest challenges for the identification and quantification of organic chloramines in water systems is the lack of appropriate analytical methods. In addition, many of the organic chloramines that formduring disinfection are unstable,which results in difficulties in sampling and detection. To date research has focussed on the study of organic monochloramines. However, given that breakpoint chlorination is commonly undertaken in water treatment systems, the formation of organic dichloramines should also be considered. Organic chloramines can be formed frommany different precursors and pathways. Therefore, studying the occurrence of their precursors in water systems would enable better prediction and management of their formation.     

Fe2O3(1-12)作用下CO化学链燃烧反应机理研究

在化学链燃烧(CLC)过程中,载氧体表面的原子结构和电子特性决定了其化学反应活性.本文以Fe_2O_3为载氧体,探讨了其自然条件下主要裸露的高米勒数指表面(1-1 2)的结构性质,研究发现表面不同配位数的氧和铁原子(包括O2f、O3f、O4f、Fe4f和Fe5f)的键参数、电子态密度及电荷布居等存在明显差异.为探究这种差异对Fe_2O_3反应活性的影响,对比分析了CO在表面5种氧和铁原子位生成CO_2的吸附-反应机理.CO在表面低配位O原子O2f和O3f首先形成物理吸附,然后被晶格氧氧化生成CO_2,反应需要克服能垒分别为3.657 e V和3.401 e V;然而,CO在O4f位吸附时,首先克服1.864 e V能垒形成二齿形碳酸盐物种,之后克服1.097 e V的能垒形成CO_2.当CO在Fe4f和Fe5f位吸附时,CO与Fe原子成键,后经过活化与表面O原子成键,形成二齿形碳酸盐物种,能垒分别为0.416和0.219 e V,最终碳酸盐物种分别克服0.500和1.462e V的能垒生成CO_2.因此,可以推断表面高配位数的O4f、Fe4f和Fe5f原子,由于其较高的氧化态,在化学链燃烧过程中充当活性位的作用.本研究有助于了解铁基载氧体表面化学链燃烧反应的微观机理,并为载氧体表面结构性能调控制备提供理论借鉴.     

氧化还原修复重金属污染土壤的文献计量学分析

基于Web of Science和中国知网(CNKI)的数据源,选择对应数据库、设定年限,检索相关文献和专利,运用文献计量学方法,并借助Origin、Excel等绘图制表工具对数据结果进行了统计、分析和对比,比较直观地展现出重金属污染土壤氧化还原修复技术的总体情况、国内外发展现状和趋势、国内外发展差距,并从关键词的发展演替角度分析研究热点与方向,为氧化还原修复技术相关学科发展与研究等提供决策参考。     

混凝微界面过程研究与进展:AOM颗/粒物-IPF水-溶液相互作用的重要性

颗粒物微界面的物理化学过程在混凝工艺中起着十分重要的决定作用.有关界面过程化学的研究构成了混凝技术研究与发展的重要内容和理论基础.本文仅以颗粒物/AOM-IPF-水溶液的相互作用为例,从水体颗粒物的稳定性、高效纳米絮凝剂的研究、微界面形态与过程以及混凝作用机理等诸方面,对该领域的研究与进展加以系统介绍.     

人类活动影响下衡水市地下水环境演化进程分析

人类活动尤其是人为过度开采地下水,控制和制约着天然地下水环境的演化进程。本文分析了衡水市近50年来大规模超量开采地下水导致衡水市出现地下水动力场变异、含水介质空间结构变异以及地下水化学场变异等问题,分析深部地下水循环系统动力场时空演化规律、地面沉降发展规律以及地下水化学环境的演化规律。自20世纪50年代以来,人类活动影响下衡水市地下水环境的演化经历了原始共生、地下水采补均衡、地下水采补失衡以及生态环境恶化的过程。     

环境经济评价在规划环评中的应用

环境经济评价是联系环境系统和经济系统的桥梁,把环境经济评价应用于规划环评中,实现了对规划方案的环境影响的经济价值表征,为最终决策提供服务和支持,真正提高了环评对规划可行性的决策作用。本文结合环境经济评价的理论和实践特点,通过对中国规划环评区别于项目环评的特征的把握,从理论和实践角度阐述环境经济评价在规划环评中的具体应用,并提出应用过程中的几点关键问题。     

汽油火车装车台油气回收装置运行分析

介绍了中国石化济南分公司2005年投入使用的油气回收装置的工艺流程、主要设备、工艺参数及实施效果。分析数据表明：济南分公司油气回收装置的应用,经济效益和社会效益明显,符合安全、环保、健康的清洁生产理念。     

Concentrations of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in needles of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) growing nearby different industrial sources

Emissions from industrial activities pose a serious threat to human health and impose the need for monitoring both inorganic and organic pollutants in industrial areas.We selected Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) as potential biomonitor and collected the current (C) and previous year (C+1) needles from three industrial sites dominated by petrochemical,ceramics manufacturing,and iron and steel smelting plants and one remote site to determine heavy metals (Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni and Co) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in unwashed and water-washed needles.Both unwashed and washed C+1 needles showed generally higher concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs than C needles,although the washed needles more clearly spotlighted the accumulation effect of PAHs over exposure time.Water-washing resulted in a significant decrease in needle PAH concentrations with more significant effects shown in C needles.By contrast,needle heavy metal concentrations were much less affected by washing.Although heavy metals and PAHs might differ in adsorption and uptake strategies,their higher concentrations in the needles at the industrial sites indicated conspicuous contamination due to industrial emissions there,The PAH distribution patterns in pine needles accorded with the real types of energy consumption in the study sites and were efficiently used for pinpointing local pollutant sources.