新能源发展所面临的气候挑战：来自英国的教训

2021年9月,由于大西洋北海地区风速突然下降,英国的海上风力发电量骤减,导致欧洲能源市场陷入混乱。风速的年际变化和长期逐渐减弱的趋势可能是造成这次事件的主要原因。此外,北海上一种持续3—4 d的阻塞高压也促成了低风速事件的发生。一个移动缓慢的暖脊显著地阻挡了西风气流,并割裂了北极极涡,导致北极和东欧地区的冷空气积聚。这种天气形势有可能引发寒潮,进一步增加电网的负担。然而,扩大风力发电机安装规模并不能有效应对此类事件。值得注意的是,中国的可再生能源发展也面临着与英国相似的挑战。因此,激进的可再生能源政策并不可取。为了更好地应对这些来自气候的挑战,可再生能源的发展需要从提高装备技术、发展混合能源系统以及开展更加精细的资源评估三个方面入手。以上结论对中国能源系统的转型具有重要的参考意义。     

Environmental vanadium distribution, mobility and bioaccumulation in different land-use Districts in Panzhihua Region, SW China

In order to characterize environmental vanadium distribution, mobility, and bioaccumulation, a total of 55 soil samples and 36 plant samples were collected in four typical land-use districts in Panzhihua region, Southwestern China. Soil samples were analyzed with the modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure, and the content of vanadium in soil and plant was determined by ICP-AES. The total content of vanadium was 208.1?C938.4 mg kg^???1 in smelting area, 111.6?C591.2 mg kg^???1 in mining area, 94.0?C183.6 mg kg^???1 in urban park, and 71.7?C227.2 mg kg^???1 in agricultural area, respectively, while the bio-available content of vanadium was characterized that the polluted areas (mining area 18.8?C83.6 mg kg^???1, smelting area 41.7?C132.1 mg kg^???1) and the unpolluted area (agricultural area 9.8?C26.4 mg kg^???1, urban park 9.9?C25.2 mg kg^???1). In addition, the contamination degree of vanadium in soil was smelting area > mining area > agricultural area ?? urban park. Moreover, the fraction of vanadium in each sequential extraction characterized that residual fraction > oxidizable fraction > reducible fraction > acid soluble fraction. The bioaccumulation of vanadium from soil to plant was weak to intermediate absorption. Therefore, some countermeasures such as soil monitoring and remediation should be to take in the sooner future, especially in mining and smelting area.     

碱激发粉煤灰-钢渣地质聚合物的抗压强度实验研究

以粉煤灰和钢渣为主要原料,采用水玻璃和Na OH作为碱激发剂,制备出一种具有较高早期强度的地质聚合物胶凝材料。通过实验探讨了各因素对该地质聚合物强度发展的影响。同时,考察了钢渣的加入量对地质聚合物强度的影响。结果表明,当钢渣的加入量(质量分数)为25%,碱加入量为16%,水灰比为0.16,水玻璃加入量为24%时,各组试样的7 d和28 d抗压强度均在20 MPa以上。由XRD、FT-IR进一步分析得出,粉煤灰和钢渣的协同作用制备地质聚合物复合胶凝材料具有较好的早期和后期强度。     

智能石墨消解-ICP/MS测定土壤中的10种金属元素研究

使用智能石墨消解对土壤样品进行前处理,ICP/MS测定土壤中的V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb、Pb等10种金属元素含量。实验表明,智能石墨消解能将土壤样品消解完全,ICP-MS测定土壤标准样品结果均在保证值范围内、相对标准偏差在0.5%~4.6%之间,具有较好的精密度。该方法安全性高、污染少、操作简单、实现了智能化,适合大批量样品同时测定。     

中国工业固体废物产生量的预测及对策研究

以中国近几年来工业固体废物的产生量的统计数据为基础,应用灰色模型理论,建立工业固体废物产生量的GM（1,1）预测模型,预测到2015年中国工业固体废物产生量将达到3.3×10^9t;通过影响因素关联度分析,对工业固体废物产生量影响较大的因素是GDP,若是将GDP因素的影响考虑在内,到2015产生量将达到6.1×10^9t。预测结果表明今后中国工业固体废物增加速度很快,从而为环境管理提供了科学的依据。     

清洁生产审核在淀粉企业的应用

清洁生产是企业可持续发展的必由之路,清洁生产审核是企业实现清洁生产最成熟最有效的手段。在对某淀粉企业进行清洁生产审核中,针对行业特点,结合企业自身情况,提出并实施无／低费方案20项,中／高费方案5项。取得了良好的效益,在改善厂区环境的同时,每年可节水64500吨,节电约31万度,减少废水排放48000吨。该企业初步实现了在提高企业自身资源回收利用能力的同时,达到经济、环境和社会效益的统一,为淀粉企业今后的清洁生产审核积累了经验。     

Spatial distribution,pollution level,and health risk of Pb in the finer dust of residential areas: a case study of Xi'an,northwest China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The spatial distribution, pollution level, and exposure risk of Pb in the finer dust (particle size?<?63 μm) of residential...     

A Compatible Interface of Wheat Straw/Polylactic Acid Composites Collaborative Constructed Using KH570–Nano TiO2

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Poor interfacial compatibility between wheat straw and polylactic acid (PLA) remains a problem that directly affects the overall performance of wheat...     

Excellent dye degradation performance of FeSiBP amorphous alloys by Fenton-like process

Amorphous alloys are being newly applied in wastewater treatment because of their unique atomic packing structure. They possess excellent degradation efficiency, stability and reusability. In this work, Fe₈₀Si₁₀B₁₀ and Fe₈₃Si₅B₈P₄ amorphous ribbons exhibited advanced catalytic performance for the degradation of Methyl Blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes, and the color removal reach nearly 100% within 11 min for both the dyes. Compared with the Fe₈₀Si₁₀B₁₀ amorphous ribbon, the Fe₈₃Si₅B₈P₄ ribbon showed higher degradation efficiency due to its lower reaction activation energy, higher electron transfer ability and higher Fe content, and the formation of the galvanic cell between the strong Fe–P bonds and the weak Fe–B bonds. It also exhibited high stability and reusability. The degradation efficiency was improved when the appropriate concentration of H₂O₂ is added. As regards the pH, high degradation efficiency was observed in acidic MB solution, but it decreased as the pH increased up to pH 7. The application of the electro–Fenton–like process is discussed, which can effectively improve the degradation performance in a nearly natural solution. This study presents a high efficiency low-cost catalyst for synthetic dye degradation and expands the functional applications of Fe-based amorphous alloys.     

Occurrence and photochemical degradation of 17alpha-ethinylestradiol in Acushnet River Estuary

17alpha-Ethinylestradiol (EE2), a major constituent of common contraceptive pills, and three other estrogenic hormones, estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2) and mestranol (MeEE2) have been determined in Acushnet River Estuary seawater using a GC-MS technique. Among three estrogenic compounds detected, EE2 has the highest concentration, up to 4.7 ng/l, at which EE2 may affect lobster and other fish abundance in the coastal seawater due to its high biological activity on fish feminization. Two natural estrogenic hormones, E1 and E2 have also been found in the estuary at concentrations up to 1.2 ng/l and 0.83 ng/l, respectively. Although EE2 is persistent to microbial degradation, it can undergo a rapid photodegradation in estuarine seawater under natural sunlight irradiation, with a half-life of less than 1.5 days in spring sunny days.