Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) deposition to and exchange at the air-water interface of Luhu, an urban lake in Guangzhou, China

Urban lakes are vulnerable to the accumulation of semivolatile organic compounds, such as PAHs from wet and dry atmospheric deposition. Little was reported on the seasonal patterns of atmospheric deposition of PAHs under Asian monsoon climate. Bulk (dry + wet) particle deposition, air-water diffusion exchange, and vapour wet deposition of PAHs in a small urban lake in Guangzhou were estimated based on a year-round monitoring. The total PAH particle deposition fluxes observed were 0.44-3.46 μg m⁻² day⁻¹. The mean air-water diffusive exchange flux was 20.7 μg m⁻² day⁻¹. The vapour deposition fluxes of PAHs ranged 0.15-8.26 μg m⁻² day⁻¹. Remarkable seasonal variations of particulate PAH deposition, air-water exchange fluxes and vapour wet deposition were influenced by seasonal changes in meteorological parameters. The deposition fluxes were predominantly controlled by the precipitation intensity in wet season whereas by atmospheric concentration in dry season.     

高负荷人工土层地下渗滤系统处理生活污水中试工程的研究

对传统的地下渗滤系统进行改进,采用多层过渡结构的人工土层来增大对颗粒有机物的接触氧化表面积,同时设置曝气装置保证好氧过程的氧气供应,可以大大提高污水地下处理系统的水力负荷.以中国南方典型的红壤土、河沙和砾石为填充材料,处理广州地化所小区的生活污水,水力负荷达40 cm/d,远大于类似系统.试验结果表明,改进后的系统能创造良好的好氧/厌氧环境,对污染物去除效果良好,COD、BOD5、TN、NH 4-N、TP和SS去除率分别达到了76.7%～89.1%、83.3%～92.5%、50.3%～66.1%、65.2%～79.6%、75.4%～90.1%和77.0%～91.3%,出水主要污染物达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准或二级排放标准.     

青霉菌HHE-P7利用酱油废水产生微生物絮凝剂的研究

研究了微生物絮凝剂产生菌HHE-P7在酱油废水中产生微生物絮凝剂的絮凝特性。实验表明，酱油废水由于碳源丰富，是一种良好的培养基。HHE-P7菌最佳培养条件为：COD20000mg／L，K2HP041．0g／L，培养3d。最佳絮凝条件为在1L高岭土水中投加10～15mL微生物絮凝剂（MBF7），pH调至9，则絮凝率为90％以上；微生物絮凝荆在水系中主要起吸附架桥的作用。     

废水处理用生物填料的研究进展

概述了废 (污 )水处理用生物填料的现状和发展 ,并针对现今水处理用生物填料存在的亲水性和生物亲和性(活性 )不足这一问题 ,提出了解决办法和发展方向 ,指出生物亲和亲水活性磁种填料的应用 ,可望大大提高废水生物降解的效率。     

土壤-纳滤系统处理再生水补充地下水的研究

为充分保障再生水回灌地下时的水质安全、提供高质量地下水资源,在土壤处理系统中嵌入纳滤技术强化对再生水的处理效果,并初步探讨土壤系统作为前处理对纳滤膜污染的控制机理.结果表明,未采用臭氧氧化预处理前,土壤处理对再生水DOC和UV254的平均去除率分别为22%和20%.臭氧氧化对UV254的平均去除率为51%,并将土壤对D...     

环渤海湾诸河口水质现状的分析

根据对环渤海湾诸河口实地采集的12个水样进行的重金属、砷、总氮和总磷含量分析，发现环渤海湾诸河口水污染严重，多超过地表水V类标准，主要污染物质为Hg、N和P，其他污染物含量均在地表水H类标准以内。其中海河口处的Hg含量在20年间增加了10倍左右。诸河口水体中N和P含量均达到水体富营养化危险负荷，可见陆源污染是渤海湾富营养化日趋严重、赤潮日趋增多的主要原因。     

生物反应器填埋场产甲烷规律的模拟研究

生物反应器填埋场是一种新型的垃圾卫生填埋场,可以加速填埋场的稳定及甲烷的产生.通过模拟试验探讨了生物反应器填埋场在不同操作条件下的产甲烷情况及COD、pH值的变化趋势.试验证明较高的回灌频率有助于垃圾降解、产甲烷速率的升高及渗滤液中COD浓度的降低;污泥接种起缓冲作用,使垃圾的降解及产气速率更趋向平稳;甲烷的产生与COD的降低是同步进行的,因此可以通过COD的变化趋势来判断产甲烷情况.研究建立了反映垃圾含水率影响填埋场产甲烷的数学模型,该模型具有简便、直观、准确等优点.     

Fate and transformation of naphthylaminesulfonic azo dye Reactive Black 5 during wastewater treatment process

Certain aromatic amines generated by the decolorization of some azo dyes are not removed substantially by conventional anaerobic–aerobic biotreatment. These aromatic amines are potentially toxic and often released in the wastewater of industrial plants. In this study, the fate and transformation of the naphthylaminesulfonic azo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5) during different phases of a sequencing batch reactor were investigated. The major products of RB5 decolorization during the anaerobic phase include 2-[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]ethyl hydrogen sulfate (APSEHS) and 1-2-7-triamino-8-hydroxy-3-6-naphthalinedisulfate (TAHNDS). During the aerobic phase, APSEHS was hydrolyzed and produced 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, which was further degraded via dearomatization. TAHNDS was transformed rapidly via auto-oxidation into TAHNDS_DP-1 and TAHNDS_DP-2, which were not further removed by the activated sludge during the entire 30-day aerobic phase. In contrast, different behaviors of TAHNDS were observed during the anoxic phase. The transformation of TAHNDS was initiated either by deamination or desulfonation reaction. TAHNDS was then converted into 3,5-diamino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, which was subsequently removed via ring cleavage reaction under aerobic condition. In conclusion, complete degradation of TAHNDS by activated sludge occurs only during anoxic/aerobic processes instead of the conventional anaerobic/aerobic processes.     

气溶胶中正构烷烃单体化合物稳定碳同位素分布特征初步研究

不同来源的气溶胶中正构烷烃稳定碳同位素的分布特征有比较明显的区别,以低陆生植物为主的高原清洁区,其气溶胶中正构烷烃δ＾１３Ｃ较轻,随碳数的增加,δ＾１３Ｃ较平平缓的曲线,以高等植物为主的海滨清洁区,正构烷烃δ＾１３Ｃ分布亦为较平缓的英线,但δ＾１３Ｃ较前者稍重,为－２８‰－－２７‰;人为污染严重的城市区,气溶胶正构烷烃δ＾１３Ｃ为－２９‰－－２５‰,且随碳数的增加有较大的变化。     

炼焦过程挥发性有机物排放特征及其大气化学反应活性

利用不锈钢采样罐和全自动预浓缩/GC/MS系统,在58-Ⅱ型和JN43-80型焦炉顶测试了炼焦过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)中各组分的浓度,研究了VOCs排放特征,结合OH自由基消耗速率分析了这些物质的反应活性.研究发现,在装煤时刻和炼焦过程中,58-Ⅱ型焦炉产生的总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)浓度分别为7022 μg·m-3和6266μg·m-3;JN43-80型焦炉产生的TVOCs浓度分别为4185 μg·m-3和3298μg·m-3.装煤时刻产生的TVOCs浓度明显高于炼焦过程产生的.炼焦过程(包括装煤时刻)无组织排放的VOCs,包含烯烃、烷烃、芳香烃、卤代烃以及少量的醛和酮,其中乙烯、乙烷、丙烯、苯以及甲苯等为主要成分.这些产生的VOCs反应活性各不相同,活性最大的是烯烃类物质.其活性占TVOCs反应活性比重为86.2%±2.1%;其次是芳香烃类物质,其活性比重为9.2%±3.1%;反应活性最大的5个物种分别是丙烯、乙烯、1,3-丁二烯、1-丁烯以及苯乙烯.