GB/T 7702-2008《煤质颗粒活性炭试验方法》标准的研究

通过对GB/T 7702-2008《煤质颗粒活性炭试验方法》的修订,研究了国际上先进国家的ASTM、JIS、ГОСТ同类标准内容。本系列标准除等同采用部分国际先进标准外,还结合本国特点增加了部分国外标准没有的内容,同时着重对碘吸附值测定进行了深入研究,确定了国际先进的碘吸附值试验方法。     

高应力煤巷卸压孔布置方式对卸压效果影响分析

高应力是造成深部煤巷大变形的主要因素。钻孔卸压已成为高应力区围岩稳定性控制的主要方法之一。基于钻孔卸压原理,以实际工程为背景,设计了三种卸压孔布置方式,并采用数值模拟的方法对不同卸压孔布置方式的卸压效果进行计算和对比分析。结果表明:卸压孔布置方式对卸压效果影响显著,卸压孔五花布置时,卸压效果最为明显;卸压孔周围形成卸压圈,卸压圈相互叠加,卸压范围增大;巷帮布置卸压孔使巷道周边形成的应力峰值向远离巷道的围岩深部移动,五花布置卸压孔时,不仅能够使应力峰值向深部转移,而且降低了应力峰值,有效改善围岩应力环境;卸压孔产生的卸压区,为巷道围岩提供给了一定的变形补偿空间,减小了巷道变形,卸压孔五花布置时,巷道变形最小,与无卸压孔时相比,巷道实体煤帮整体变形量减小了73.9%,顶板最大沉降量减小了40%,控制变形效果明显。     

基于AHP法的诱发露天矿作业现场碰撞事故危险点重要度排序

露天矿作业现场运行的设备碰撞事故属于安全生产重大事故,尽管发生并不频繁但是同类事故依然在生产中发生。控制诱发该类事故的危险点是现场安全管理的重点,根据现场的事故案例运用AHP法,通过对危险点排序找出其中的重要度,确定碰撞事故中的主要诱发因素,以此在动态生产中识别系统关键节点的危险性,找到预防同类碰撞事故的有效措施。由于诱发危险点在生产中的复杂性,AHP法解决的只是一段时间内的问题,但也为快速掌握安全预控问题提供了一种研究思路。这样在管理资源有限的条件下,为工艺运行的安全预防和控制提供可靠的保障。     

建设工程融合式外部安全监管研究

介绍了融合式外部安全监管的提出背景以及在此背景下的具体内涵;融合式外部监管的任务是按照企业、项目的安全生产目标以及国家安全生产的相关法律法规、标准规范而制定的,其相关的工作内容主要以项目安全总监的工作角色为主要载体进行开展,既包括了对项目管理行为的监管,又包括了对项目隐患和违章现象的制止和约束;介绍了安全总监约谈制度的内容,并对安全总监的监管流程进行了说明,包括具体的管理手段和措施;最后指出项目安全总监的在项目管理中的角色是项目安全生产第一监管人。     

Recovery of Ni(II) from real electroplating wastewater using fixed-bed resin adsorption and subsequent electrodeposition

Resin adsorption and subsequent electrodeposition were used for nickel recovery. Treated wastewater can meet the Electroplating Pollutant Discharge Standard. The spent resin is completely regenerated by 3 BV of 4% HCl solution. 95.6% of nickel in concentrated eluent was recovered by electrodeposition. Effective recovery of high-value heavy metals from electroplating wastewater is of great significance, but recovering nickel ions from real electroplating wastewater as nickel sheet has not been reported. In this study, the pilot-scale fixed-bed resin adsorption was conducted to recover Ni(II) ions from real nickel plating wastewater, and then the concentrated Ni(II) ions in the regenerated solution were reduced to nickel sheet via electrodeposition. A commercial cation-exchange resin was selected and the optimal resin adsorption and regeneration conditions were investigated. The resin exhibited an adsorption capacity of 63 mg/g for Ni(II) ions, and the average amount of treated water was 84.6 bed volumes (BV) in the pilot-scale experiments. After the adsorption by two ion-exchange resin columns in series and one chelating resin column, the concentrations of Ni(II) in the treated wastewater were below 0.1 mg/L. After the regeneration of the spent resin using 3 BV of 4% (w/w) HCl solution, 1.5 BV of concentrated neutral nickel solution (>30 g/L) was obtained and used in the subsequent electrodeposition process. Using the aeration method, alkali and water required in resin activation process were greatly reduced to 2 BV and 3 BV, respectively. Under the optimal electrodeposition conditions, 95.6% of Ni(II) in desorption eluent could be recovered as the elemental nickel on the cathode. The total treatment cost for the resin adsorption and regeneration as well as the electrodeposition was calculated.     

浅埋隧道覆岩变形沉降的分布式光纤监测与分析

针对在浅埋隧道下穿既有设施的施工过程中上覆层变形难以实现分布式监测这一问题,基于脉冲预泵浦光时域分析(PPP-BOTDA)分布式光纤传感技术,以云南某浅埋隧道连续下穿二级公路和钢筋加工车间场地为例,提出分布式光纤的布设方案,对隧道上覆层沉降变形进行监测,分析上覆层的变形特征。结果表明:上覆层中光纤应变的时空演化过程与岩土体物理力学性质、掌子面推进过程、初衬支护作用以及水文地质条件有关;掌子面前方和后方上覆层分别处于拉应力和压应力控制区,掌子面的位置对应着拉—压应变过渡带。同时,将分布式光纤和地表水准仪沉降监测进行比较,两种方法测得沉降结果趋势一致,验证了分布式光纤在隧道施工过程中对上覆岩土体纵向沉降监测的可行性。分布式光纤监测由于能够获取覆岩的整体变形时空演化特征,具有较明显的优势。     

Decontamination of Cr(VI) facilitated formation of persistent free radicals on rice husk derived biochar

PFRs were produced on biochar during Cr(VI) decontamination. PFRs formation on biochar was owing to the oxidization of phenolic-OH by Cr(VI). Appearance of excessive oxidant led to the consumption of PFRs on biochar. Biochar charred at high temperature possessed great performance to Cr(VI) removal. This study investigated the facilitation of Cr(VI) decontamination to the formation of persistent free radicals (PFRs) on rice husk derived biochar. It was found that Cr(VI) remediation by biochar facilitated the production of PFRs, which increased with the concentration of treated Cr(VI). However, excessive Cr(VI) would induce their decay. Biochar with high pyrolysis temperature possessed great performance to Cr(VI) removal, which was mainly originated from its reduction by biochar from Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. And the corresponding generation of PFRs on biochar was primarily ascribed to the oxidization of phenolic hydroxyl groups by Cr(VI) from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis, which was further verified by the H₂O₂ treatment experiments. The findings of this study will help to illustrate the transformation of reactive functional groups on biochar and provide a new insight into the role of biochar in environmental remediation.     

Magnetic graphene-based nanocomposites as highly efficient absorbents for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to the merits of their high adsorption and convenient separation, magnetic graphene-based composites have become a promising adsorbent in terms of...     

Simultaneous adsorption and immobilization of As and Cd by birnessite-loaded biochar in water and soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A novel biochar was prepared by loading birnessite to improve its capability to simultaneously adsorb As(III), As(V), and Cd(II) in water and soil....