餐厨垃圾处理方式的探讨

餐厨垃圾污染日益严重,对环境和人类健康构成巨大威胁.如何对餐厨垃圾进行资源化、减量化、无害化处理,是摆在环保工作者面前的一个课题,本文通过对国内外餐厨余物的产生情况、处理现状以及处理工艺进行分析,探讨适合哈尔滨市餐厨垃圾的处理方式.     

UASB反应器常温下处理生活污水的中试研究

中试试验研究讨论了利用颗粒污泥接种的UASB反应器常温下处理生活污水的运行性能。在7～31℃温度范围内处理生活污水,考察了不同温度、不同负荷条件下反应器的处理效率,讨论了各参数对反应器运行的影响,为UASB反应器常温下处理生活污水提供理论和实践指导。     

表面活性剂吸收法治理含苯废气的中试实验

采用添加表面活性剂的填料塔来吸收治理含苯废气，分析了水一吸收剂的吸收机理。考察了喷淋量、废气入口浓度和表面活性剂添加量这三个因素对苯去除率的影响。结果表明，对苯来说入口浓度对去除率的影响最大，喷淋液体流量次之，表面活性剂的影响最小。条件满足时，含苯废气可以达标排放。     

日本环境税及其在国内的反响

自《京都议定书》生效后,日本温室气体减排义务需在1990年基础上减少14%的排放量才能达到议定书规定的目标.日本政府、环境省等提出加速减排的观点和引入环境税的思路设计、税收措施等,然而政府制定的环境税收制度在日本受到很大的争议,实行得并不顺畅.     

Chorionic villus sampling: Analysis of fetal losses to delivery,placental pathology,and cervical microbiology

A population of 1639 patients were seen for chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Embryonic death was identified at ultrasound in 5.3 per cent of patients. The number of patients undergoing CVS was 1551, with 1416 transcervical procedures and 135 transabdominal procedures. The most common indication for CVS was advanced maternal age. Spontaneous pregnancy losses identified by increased risk of pregnancy loss with increasing aspiration attempts. The total fetal loss for this population was 5.4 per cent with the pregnancy loss estimated due to procedure being 1.2 per cent. Analysis of placentae from patients having CVS and amniocen-tesis showed no differences. Microbiological assessment prior to CVS was similar to previous publications.     

GIS在环境影响评价中的应用

简要介绍了环境影响评价（EIA）和地理信息系统（GIS）技术的特点，阐述了两者结合的必要性。讨论了GIS技术在环境影响评价领域中的应用现状，重点介绍了GIS技术在项目EIA、区域EIA、累积EIA及战略EIA，环境影响后评价中的应用。在此基础上进一步对GIS在环境影响评价中的应用进行了展望，重点介绍了GIS在公众参与中的应用及基于“5S”的EIA。     

2017年厦门金砖会晤期间人为减排和气象条件变化对臭氧污染特征的影响

针对厦门"金砖会晤"空气质量保障活动，本研究选取2017年8月10日—9月10日的O₃、NO₂和挥发性有机物（VOCs），以及气象因子等在线观测数据，开展人为减排、副热带高压、台风等对东南沿海城市大气O₃污染特征的影响研究.结果表明，研究期间厦门大气O₃-8 h平均浓度为（110.0±40.6）μg·m^-3.与管控前相比，无台风影响的管控I期的O₃-8 h浓度上升了19.9 μg·m^-3，而管控II期的O₃-8 h浓度下降了27.9 μg·m^-3.对于管控I期和II期，台风影响下O₃-8 h浓度较无台风时段分别下降85.2 μg·m^-3和8.9 μg·m^-3.在排放控制和台风的共同作用下，峰会期间厦门大气O₃浓度的日变化显现出"削峰填谷"的特征.另外，与管控I期相比，管控II期O₃前体物VOCs浓度显著下降，其臭氧生成潜势（OFP）下降了44.6%.总之，运用区域联防联控策略，对臭氧前体物（NO_x和VOCs）实施针对性减排，可有效地降低沿海城市大气O₃日间最高浓度.     

某电镀车间MLS危险性评价

在对某厂电镀生产车间危险源进行辨识的基础上，考虑到车间安全监控措施对系统危险性的影响，选用MLS法对该车间进行危险性评价，最后根据评价结果提出了事故防范的安全对策：以人为本，加强安全管理；改进工艺，达到本质安全；改善环境，加强个体防护。     

ARE RURAL RESIDENTS WILLING TO PAY ENOUGH TO IMPROVE DRINKING WATER QUALITY?1

ABSTRACT: The concentrations of iron and sulfate in community water supplies are a concern for a number of areas in southwestern Minnesota. This study used the contingent valuation method to determine how much consumers would be willing to pay to improve their drinking water quality. On average, individuals were willing to pay US$5.25 per month (in 1995 U.S. dollars) to reduce the level of iron and US$4.33 per month to reduce the level of sulfate in their water to the USEPA's secondary standards for drinking water quality. Respondents with negative perceptions of their drinking water quality were willing to pay more to improve water quality. The aggregate annual willingness to pay (WTP) for all consumers in community water systems in southwestern Minnesota that were out of compliance with water quality standards were estimated to be US$2.4 million and US$2.0 million (in 1995 dollars) for reducing the levels of iron and sulfate, respectively. Yet the total WTP of consumers who use small community water systems may not be enough to pay the full cost of providing improved water in those systems. Economies of scale in water treatment and difficulties in financing improvements mean that technical innovation, government assistance, or institutional changes may be needed to improve water quality in these areas.