UASB反应器常温下处理生活污水的中试研究

中试试验研究讨论了利用颗粒污泥接种的UASB反应器常温下处理生活污水的运行性能。在7～31℃温度范围内处理生活污水,考察了不同温度、不同负荷条件下反应器的处理效率,讨论了各参数对反应器运行的影响,为UASB反应器常温下处理生活污水提供理论和实践指导。     

表面活性剂吸收法治理含苯废气的中试实验

采用添加表面活性剂的填料塔来吸收治理含苯废气，分析了水一吸收剂的吸收机理。考察了喷淋量、废气入口浓度和表面活性剂添加量这三个因素对苯去除率的影响。结果表明，对苯来说入口浓度对去除率的影响最大，喷淋液体流量次之，表面活性剂的影响最小。条件满足时，含苯废气可以达标排放。     

日本环境税及其在国内的反响

自《京都议定书》生效后,日本温室气体减排义务需在1990年基础上减少14%的排放量才能达到议定书规定的目标.日本政府、环境省等提出加速减排的观点和引入环境税的思路设计、税收措施等,然而政府制定的环境税收制度在日本受到很大的争议,实行得并不顺畅.     

Chorionic villus sampling: Analysis of fetal losses to delivery,placental pathology,and cervical microbiology

A population of 1639 patients were seen for chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Embryonic death was identified at ultrasound in 5.3 per cent of patients. The number of patients undergoing CVS was 1551, with 1416 transcervical procedures and 135 transabdominal procedures. The most common indication for CVS was advanced maternal age. Spontaneous pregnancy losses identified by increased risk of pregnancy loss with increasing aspiration attempts. The total fetal loss for this population was 5.4 per cent with the pregnancy loss estimated due to procedure being 1.2 per cent. Analysis of placentae from patients having CVS and amniocen-tesis showed no differences. Microbiological assessment prior to CVS was similar to previous publications.     

GIS在环境影响评价中的应用

简要介绍了环境影响评价（EIA）和地理信息系统（GIS）技术的特点，阐述了两者结合的必要性。讨论了GIS技术在环境影响评价领域中的应用现状，重点介绍了GIS技术在项目EIA、区域EIA、累积EIA及战略EIA，环境影响后评价中的应用。在此基础上进一步对GIS在环境影响评价中的应用进行了展望，重点介绍了GIS在公众参与中的应用及基于“5S”的EIA。     

某电镀车间MLS危险性评价

在对某厂电镀生产车间危险源进行辨识的基础上，考虑到车间安全监控措施对系统危险性的影响，选用MLS法对该车间进行危险性评价，最后根据评价结果提出了事故防范的安全对策：以人为本，加强安全管理；改进工艺，达到本质安全；改善环境，加强个体防护。     

ARE RURAL RESIDENTS WILLING TO PAY ENOUGH TO IMPROVE DRINKING WATER QUALITY?1

ABSTRACT: The concentrations of iron and sulfate in community water supplies are a concern for a number of areas in southwestern Minnesota. This study used the contingent valuation method to determine how much consumers would be willing to pay to improve their drinking water quality. On average, individuals were willing to pay US$5.25 per month (in 1995 U.S. dollars) to reduce the level of iron and US$4.33 per month to reduce the level of sulfate in their water to the USEPA's secondary standards for drinking water quality. Respondents with negative perceptions of their drinking water quality were willing to pay more to improve water quality. The aggregate annual willingness to pay (WTP) for all consumers in community water systems in southwestern Minnesota that were out of compliance with water quality standards were estimated to be US$2.4 million and US$2.0 million (in 1995 dollars) for reducing the levels of iron and sulfate, respectively. Yet the total WTP of consumers who use small community water systems may not be enough to pay the full cost of providing improved water in those systems. Economies of scale in water treatment and difficulties in financing improvements mean that technical innovation, government assistance, or institutional changes may be needed to improve water quality in these areas.     

碳素纤维在近岸海洋污染物磷酸盐、硅酸盐处理中的应用

对碳素纤维进行氧化改性,利用改性后的碳素纤维处理近岸污染海水,重点研究了改性碳素纤维对海水中活性磷酸盐和活性硅酸盐的吸附作用。考察了碳素纤维液相改性时间、碳素纤维投加量、活性磷酸盐初始浓度、活性硅酸盐初始浓度、吸附时间、海况、pH值等单因素对近岸海洋污染物磷酸盐、硅酸盐吸附效果的影响。研究结果表明:改性碳素纤维对硅酸盐的吸附效果较好,去除率可达70%,对活性磷酸盐的去除率为31%左右。通过正交实验确定改性碳素纤维材料修复模拟近岸海水的优化条件为:碳素纤维改性时间为1.5 h,投加量为0.01 g,硅酸盐初始浓度为3mg/L,磷酸盐初始浓度为20 mg/L,海况为3级,pH值为8,吸附时间为3 h。在此条件下,碳素纤维对磷酸盐的去除率可达31.06%,硅酸盐去除率可达70.88%。     

艰险地区地质调查作业人员安全装备保障体系的构建

为有效提升艰险地区地质调查作业人员安全装备保障水平,结合艰险地区作业环境特点和地质调查作业人员安全装备配备现状,从气象和气候条件、地理环境、自然灾害、人文地理四个方面进行了安全风险分析,并依据事故发生的可能性和严重性将风险划分为5个等级,最终按照"立足实际、重点优先、优化配置"原则提出了由个体防护、应急自救、人员定位、野外生存4类系统组成的地质调查作业人员安全装备保障体系以及安全装备配备建议,以期能够最大限度地降低安全风险对作业人员的影响,从根本上解决艰险地区地质调查作业人员个体防护用品配备标准适用性差、安全装备系统化程度低、个体防护用品整体质量不高、安全装备更新不及时不到位等突出问题,可为今后地质调查作业人员安全装备保障体系建设以及安全装备配备提供指导和参考。     

HACCP方法在水泥行业生产性粉尘职业危害防控中的应用

为减少水泥生产过程中的粉尘职业危害,将危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)方法运用于水泥行业粉尘职业危害管理。在分析水泥产业生产工艺的基础上,基于HACCP方法的预防性管理思想和操作流程,分析确定了水泥生产过程的粉尘职业危害关键控制点,并有针对性地提出可行的降除尘措施,实现对关键控制点生产性粉尘职业危害的监测与有效防控,从而保证工人的职业健康。