蒙顶山茶区土壤重金属环境质量及土壤pH值现状评价

本文利用地球化学背景资料,采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,根据土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)中的二级标准,以茶区11个地层为单元分别对土壤重金属环境质量及该区土壤pH值进行了地球化学评价。评价结果表明,研究区K2j、K1t、K2g1、K2g3和Q2五个地层土壤为清洁区;其余各地层土壤尚清洁。就各单指标指数来看,Cd元素对土壤污染指数作用最大。     

Evaluation of the relationship between two different methods for enumeration fecal indicator bacteria： Colony-forming unit and most probable number

Most probable number (MPN) and colony-forming unit (CFU) estimates of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentration are common measures of water quality in aquatic environments. Thus, FIB intensively monitored in Yeongsan Watershed in an attempt to compare two di erent methods and to develop a statistical model to convert from CFU to MPN estimates or vice versa. As a result, the significant di erence was found in the MPN and CFU estimates. The enumerated Escherichia coli concentrations in MPN are greater than those in CFU, except for the measurement in winter. Especially in fall, E. coli concentrations in MPN are one order of magnitude greater than that in CFU. Contrarily, enterococci bacteria in MPN are lower than those in CFU. However, in general, a strongly positive relationship are found between MPN and CFU estimates. Therefore, the statistical models were developed, and showed the reasonable converting FIB concentrations from CFU estimates to MPN estimates. We expect this study will provide preliminary information towards future research on whether di erent analysis methods may result in di erent water quality standard violation frequencies for the same water sample.     

蚯蚓生物滤池启动驯化阶段蚯蚓生理生态适应性研究

研究了蚯蚓生物滤池在启动驯化阶段蚯蚓的生理生态状态变化,并分析了相关影响因素.结果表明,由于受到自然环境和滤池环境的胁迫,蚯蚓投加后数量和生物量出现逐渐下降的趋势.一旦条件适宜,幼蚓的孵化可以补充滤池内蚯蚓的数量和生物量.随着温度的升高,周边的蚯蚓逐渐向布水区移动,投加58d后蚯蚓分布较为均匀.蚯蚓密度和含水率之间存在着极显著负相关.温度、日平均降水量和降水强度积分3个自然影响因子对蚯蚓各生态指标的影响均不显著.温度低于15℃时,蚯蚓呼吸率变化较为敏感,出现大幅度下降,不利于蚯蚓代谢处理污水污泥.在一定范围内,采取措施提高滤池内蚯蚓的密度并使蚯蚓分布均匀将提高污泥的处理效率.     

Recycling of cathode ray tube panel glasses as aggregates of concrete blocks and clay bricks

While the cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel containing lead could be transported to a smelting facility to recover lead, which could be an available option in domestic, a proper technology to recycle a CRT panel must be developed. Thus, it was suggested that CRT panel glass be used as aggregates of concrete blocks and clay bricks. Samples of blocks and bricks were fabricated with CRT powders and tested to measure their strength and absorption rate to determine their qualities, and environmental soundness was determined by measuring the leaching rate of hazardous metals. For concrete blocks, CRT panel glass powders incorporated as aggregates up to 40 % replacing stone powder was proposed as the proper condition for manufacturing blocks. Around 2 % of CRT panel incorporated into clay brick to substitute Kaoline was suggested to fabricate the best quality of clay brick. Results of leaching test met the criteria with much less concentration of hazardous metals, even lead compound containing in the CRT funnel. To conclude, the use of CRT panel powder after crushing it to the proper size as an aggregate of concrete blocks or clay bricks could be one of the appropriate alternatives to recycle for CRT glass waste being generated drastically in a short term.     

脉冲活化一次全部治理CO2、SO2、NOx和烟尘研究(Ⅱ)──模拟工业治

应用超高压窄脉冲模拟治理工业烟气(常压、烟气温度180℃)．CO₂、SO₂、NO_x分解率均在80％以上,把有害气体分解成单一原子组成的气体分子O₂、N₂和单质微粒S、C;同时收尘效率高达99％．是工业上治理烟气污染的高效、低成本的新技术。      

脉冲活化一次全部治理CO2、SO2、NOx和烟尘研究(Ⅰ)─—分解SO2

超高压脉冲活化一次全部分解CO₂、SO₂、NO_x及同时除掉烟尘技术。应用超高压窄脉冲使反应器内有害气体全部成为活化分子,在定向作用下分解成无害单一原子的气体分子N₂、O₂,单质微粒C、S;粉尘充分荷电,在超强电场作用下除掉粉尘,它成为C、S的载体。在180℃常压条件时,在以Ni为母体B种催化剂作用下,活化能大幅度降低,分解率为75％～90％。      

激波与森林作用的实验研究

利用激波与森林的作用,有可能成为森林灭火中的一项新技术,本文报告了激波与林带作用的实验模拟方法,实验技术与装备,测试和显示手段等基本技术环节。激波在林地,林带中的传播和衰减,以及其它物理现象由纹影方法作了显示。激波诱导的压力场也作了测量。研究表明,以激波管为基础的模拟技术是成功的,实验结果对于进一步认识激波与林冠火阵面的相互作用有很好的先导意义。     

清水塘地区土壤重金属污染现状及修复技术研究

阐述了清水塘地区土壤和农作物重金属污染现状,提出了对受污染土壤的修复措施及土地利用构想。     

汽车环境风洞降雨模拟影响因素研究

目的 研究自然界降雨量与汽车环境风洞模拟降雨量之间的关系,得到中国气象条件的雨量设定经验公式,为汽车环境风洞模拟降雨量的设定提供理论依据。方法 理论分析自然界气象降雨和汽车环境风洞模拟降雨的特点和差异,研究影响汽车环境风洞模拟降雨量的因素。结果 在无风条件下,影响汽车环境风洞降雨量的因素有气象降雨量、前挡风玻璃倾角、雨滴直径和车速等。按照车速将降雨分为汽车停止和汽车行驶2种模式,提出结合中国气象条件的汽车环境风洞模拟降雨量的经验公式。结论 在相同降雨等级下,汽车停止状态下的汽车环境风洞降雨量一般大于车辆行驶状态。在气象降雨量等级为短时中雨时,行驶汽车的雨量设定值与车速呈指数增长关系。     

基于SMART原则的煤矿企业安全文化评价

为改善煤炭企业安全状况,根据近年中国煤矿事故进行统计和分析,构建了煤矿企业安全文化模糊综合评价模型.通过分析煤矿企业安全文化的主要因素和咨询专家,基于SMART从组织承诺、管理参与、员工授权、奖惩系统、报告系统、教育培训6个方面建立了煤矿企业安全文化指标体系.根据模糊数学理论建立了煤矿企业安全文化模糊综合评价模型,并对模型进行了实例验证.以T煤矿、S煤矿、X煤矿为例进行了安全文化分析,结果表明,安全文化等级从小到大的顺序为X煤矿、T煤矿和S煤矿,S煤矿、T煤矿评价结果为"一般好"(达到可以生产的水平),而X煤矿评价结果为"不好"(停止生产).建立的模糊综合评价模型可对煤矿企业进行总体安全文化评价,其中煤矿企业安全文化指标体系教育培训和奖惩系统是安全文化建设的关键.