不同生态区土壤溶磷微生物的分布特征及影响因子

研究了盐渍区、重金属污染区和磷矿区土壤中溶磷微生物的数量、组成及与部分土壤化学因子的关系。结果表明,溶磷微生物在不同生态区土壤中的分布各不相同,磷矿区土壤中溶磷微生物数量和种群丰度普遍高于重金属污染区和盐渍区,但优势种属间数量差异不明显。重金属污染土壤中溶磷细菌比例较高,但种群单一,主要以巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)为优势种,重金属污染区溶磷细菌比例与土壤重金属综合污染指数呈显著正相关(P<0.01),溶磷细菌丰度与有机质含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。盐渍土中溶磷细菌比例小,优势种群为巨大芽孢杆菌、假单胞杆菌属(Pseudomonassp.)和黄单胞杆菌属(Flavobacteriumsp.),其数量和种群丰度分别与有机质和有效磷含量呈显著相关关系(P<0.05)。     

南岳旅游客源市场开拓存在的问题及营销策略

客源是旅游业发展的原动力,客源市场分析准确与否,直接决定着旅游投资资金的可行性和安全性．而要把握好旅游客源市场,必须进行深入细致的市场调查与分析．南岳作为全国五大名山之一,近年来虽然旅游环境不断优化,产业素质明显增强,产业规模迅速扩大．但与国内各大知名旅游景区相比,南岳还有很大的差距,许多方面还存在着严重的不足,特别是在旅游市场开拓方面还有巨大的潜力需要发掘,为此,从客源市场特征反映的角度对南岳旅游做出一番有益的探讨,旨在为南岳的旅游发展提出建设性的措施．表4,参3．     

蚯蚓生物滤池处理剩余污泥的效果

以上海市某污水厂剩余污泥为研究对象,对未投加蚯蚓的生物滤池(CBF)和投加蚯蚓的生物滤池(EBF)处理城市剩余污泥的效果进行了比较. 结果表明, EBF 的悬浮固体浓度(SS)减量率、挥发性悬浮固体浓度(VSS)减量率分别可达49.5%~55.6%和60.0%~63.2%,比CBF 分别提高了14.4%~21.7%和22.3%~26.4%. EBF 的出泥VSS/SS,污泥的沉降性比(SVI), 污泥比阻(SRF)分别由原泥的64.8%, 103.4mL/g,5.19×1011m/kg 降至51.8%, 38.4mL/g, 2.00×1011m/kg,而CBF 的出泥VSS/SS、SVI、SRF 则分别为61.0%, 51.8mL/g, 4.12×1011m/kg. 通过蚯蚓－微生物协同作用可以显著提高剩余污泥的减量化和稳定化效果,还能较好地优化污泥的沉降性能、脱水性能.     

Effect of solids concentration on bacterial leaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge

Microbial metal leaching from sewage sludge (2-9% w/v) was carried out with the iron-oxidizing bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Measurements of pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and concentration of Fe2+ indicated that T. ferrooxidans was effective in removing metals from an incubation bath containing less than 5% sludge solids concentration. Specifically, Cu leaching was completely suppressed at a high solids concentration of 9% (w/v). Results indicated that the deactivation of T. ferrooxidans at a high sludge content was mainly due to the presence of inhibiting materials such as organic matter. A mixed culture of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria was obtained by enrichment from anaerobically digested sewage sludge to enhance the efficiency of the microbial leaching process. These bacteria were much more effective in metal leaching than was iron-oxidizing T. ferrooxidans. At 9% (w/v) solids concentration, the leaching efficiencies of Zn and Cu were 78% (2.66 g/kg dry sludge) and 59% (1.36 g/kg dry sludge), respectively. Therefore, when removing heavy metals from the anaerobically digested sewage sludge, the indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria isolated in the current study were more efficient than T. ferrooxidans, especially at high sludge solids concentrations.     

A river water quality management model for optimising regional wastewater treatment using a genetic algorithm

To achieve water quality goals and wastewater treatment cost optimisation in a river basin, a water quality management model has been developed through the integration of a genetic algorithm (GA) and a mathematical water quality model. The developed model has been applied to the Youngsan River, where water quality has decreased due to heavy pollutant loads from Kwangju City and surrounding areas. Pollution source, land use, geographic features and measured water quality data of the river basin were incorporated into the Arc/View geographic information system database. With the database, the management model calculated treatment type and treatment cost for each wastewater treatment plant in the river basin. Until now, wastewater treatment policy for polluted rivers in Korea has been, first of all, to construct secondary treatment plants for untreated areas, and secondarily, to construct advanced treatment plants for the river sections whose water quality is impaired and for which the water quality goal of the Ministry of Environment is not met. Four scenarios that do not use the GA were proposed and they were compared with the results of the management model using the GA. It became clear that the results based on the GA were much better than those for the other four scenarios from the viewpoint of the achievement of water quality goals and cost optimisation.     

Health risk assessment for uranium in Korean groundwater

We analyzed the radiological and chemical risks of uranium in groundwater. The total sample number over 4 years was 498. There were several use patterns of groundwater in Korea, but we considered the risk only for drinking water. The geometric mean of uranium concentration in 10 areas in Korea was 0.17 microg x l(-1). The excess cancer risks were in the 10(-7) level in the radiological risk aspect and the hazard quotient was 0.005 in the chemical risk aspect. Therefore, we could conclude that an adverse health risk is unlikely to be posed due to exposure to uranium. However, the concentration of uranium must be monitored periodically and adequate action taken in the few and small areas that contain high uranium levels in groundwater.     

Leaching characteristics of heavy metals from sewage sludge by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans MET

An acidophilic, sulfur-oxidizing Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans MET bacterium was isolated from anaerobically digested, dewatered sewage sludge. This bacterium showed sulfur-oxidizing ability at both acidic and neutral conditions, and allowed metal leaching even at a high (130 g L(-1)) sludge solids concentration. We found that low metal leaching efficiency at high solids concentration was mainly due to an increase in buffering capacity resulting in retardation of pH reduction. Therefore, metal leaching was mainly influenced not by sludge solids concentration, but by the pH (or sulfate concentration per unit sludge mass) of the sludge solutions. The relationship between the pH of the sludge solution and the efficiency of metal leaching was obtained by quantitatively investigating the effect of pH reduction or the amount of sulfate produced per unit sludge mass on leaching of each metal. Furthermore, the relationship between total metal content in the sludge and metal leached to the solution was obtained for each metal. Such a relationship allowed estimation of leachable metal at various amounts of total metal content in sludge.     

交通网络建设与成渝城市群一体化发展——基于交通设施网络和需求网络的分析

交通基础设施建设是城市群一体化发展基本内容和重要保障。以成渝城市群为研究案例，利用复杂网络分析方法，探讨了交通设施网络和交通需求网络下城市群一体化格局，并分析了交通基础设施建设对城市群一体化的影响。结果表明：（1)交通基础设施建设拓展了城市间的联系渠道，有助于形成多中心、均衡化的交通设施网络格局，并塑造城市带和城镇密集区的雏形。（2)以客流衡量的交通需求网络依然呈现以成都和重庆主城为中心的双核心格局，多中心态势并不显著，但高铁的开通增强了城市客流网络。（3)交通设施网络的完善推动了成渝城市群形式一体化，但人口流动、产业合作等表现出的功能一体化水平依然偏低。因此，未来成渝城市群在完善区域交通运输系统的同时需要探索以交通促进城际人口流动、产业合作、城乡统筹等的发展路径，以交通网络建设带动城市群空间结构的优化调整，最终实现区域深度一体化。     

清洁生产理论在工业发展规划中应用的探讨

本文结合中山市的实际情况，探讨了如何将清洁生产理念融入到工业发展规划中。中山市通过采取政府宏观调控、建立示范、强化科研、畅通信息渠道以及加强培训、宣传等方法，以清洁生产理念指导工业活动，达到经济效益与环境效益的统一。     

市政污泥与生活垃圾掺烧工艺探讨

本文概括介绍了国内市政污泥处理处置的现状和目前不同类型的市政污泥处理处置技术，根据国外经验和国内情况做了市政污泥与生活垃圾掺烧的探讨，并总结了通过掺烧试验进行的工程应用实践。