强制循环厌氧反应器处理中低浓度废水

为解决内循环厌氧反应器在对低浓度有机废水处理时,因产气量不足、内循环量小而不能正常运行的问题,提出了强制循环反应器的概念,给出了设计方法。以低浓度、碱性印染工业废水为研究对象,进行了强制循环厌氧反应器的启动与运行的研究,得出了该反应器的最佳HRT和最佳外加循环量。结果表明:在高硫、低性状絮状厌氧泥为接种泥情况下,最佳外循环流量1 m3/h,最佳HRT为7 h时,FCR出水的T-COD和S-COD去除率分别为53.6%和58%。     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.     

Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 with soot at different relative humidity

The influences of relative humidity (RH) on the heterogeneous reaction of NO₂ with soot were investigated by a coated wall flow tube reactor at ambient pressure. The initial uptake coefficient (γ _initial) of NO₂ showed a significant decrease with increasing RH from 7 to 70%. The γ _initial on “fuel-rich” and “fuel-lean” soot at RH = 7% was (2.59 ± 0.20) × 10^?5 and (5.92 ± 0.34) × 10^?6, respectively, and it decreased to (5.49 ± 0.83) × 10^?6 and (7.16 ± 0.73) × 10^?7 at RH = 70%, respectively. Nevertheless, the HONO yields were almost independent of RH, with average values of (72 ± 3)% for the fuel-rich soot and (60 ± 2)% for the fuel-lean soot. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism was used to demonstrate the negative role of RH in the heterogeneous uptake of NO₂ on soot. The species containing nitrogen formed on soot can undergo hydrolysis to produce carboxylic species or alcohols at high RH, accompanied by the release of little gas-phase HONO and NO.

     

Insights on the solubilization products after combined alkaline and ultrasonic pre-treatment of sewage sludge

This work provides insights on the solubilization products after a simultaneous combination of alkaline and ultrasonic(ALK + ULS) pre-treatment of sewage sludge.Soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD) increased from 1200 to 11,000 mg/L after such treatment. Organics with molecular weight around 5.6 k Da were solubilized because of the synergistic effect of ultrasound and alkali. Organics with molecular weight larger than300 k Da increased from 7.8% to 60%, 16% and 42.3% after ULS, ALK and ALK + ULS treatment, respectively. Excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis identified soluble microbial product-like and humic acid-like matters as the main solubilization products. Sludge anaerobic biodegradability was significantly enhanced with the simultaneous application of ALK + ULS pre-treatment. ALK + ULS pre-treatment resulted in 37.8% biodegradability increase compared to the untreated sludge. This value was higher compared to the biodegradability increase induced by individual ALK pre-treatment(5.7%) or individual ULS pre-treatment(20.7%) under the same conditions applied.     

晋陕蒙接壤地区能源基地战略环境影响评价研究

文章以晋陕蒙接壤区能源基地战略为例对区域战略环境影响评价进行分析和研究。首先对接壤区能源基地战略进行了回顾性地分析和评价,然后对环境影响进行了预测和环境效益分析,最后提出了战略实施的环境保护对策。     

Emission patterns of biogenic volatile organic compounds from dominant forest species in Beijing, China

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) have significant effects on atmospheric chemistry, ozone formation and secondary organic aerosol formation. Considering few investigations about BOVCs emissions in north China where is facing serious air pollution in recent years, emissions of various BVOCs from 24 dominant forest species in Beijing were measured from June to September in 2018, using a dynamic headspace sampling method. More than one hundred BVOCs in the collected samples were identified by using an automatic thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and their emission rates based on leaf biomass were calculated. Isoprene and monoterpenes were verified to be the dominant BVOCs emitted from the tree species, accounting for more than 50% of the total BVOCs. Generally, broad-leaved species displayed high isoprene emission rates, especially the Platanus occidentalis (21.36 µg/(g?hr)), Robinia pseudoacacia (11.55 µg/(g?hr)), and Lonicera maackii (9.17 µg/(g?hr)), while coniferous species emitted high rates of monoterpenes, such as Platycladus orientalis (27.18 µg/(g?hr)), Pinus griffithii (23.11 µg/(g?hr)), and Pinus armandii (7.42 µg/(g?hr)). High emission rates of monoterpenes from the broad-leaved species of Buxus megistophylla (13.07 µg/(g?hr)) and Ligustrum vicaryi (5.74 µg/(g?hr)), and high isoprene emission rate from the coniferous tree of Taxus cuspidata (5.86 µg/(g?hr)) were also observed. The emission rates of sesquiterpenes from each tree were usually 10–100 times smaller than those of isoprene and monoterpenes. Additionally, relatively high emission rates of oxygenated volatile organic compounds and other alkenes than isoprene and monoterpenes were also found for several tree species.     

港口起尘影响因素分析及粉尘污染控制措施与建议

介绍了港口粉尘污染类型,港口粉尘污染包括静态污染和动态污染,容易产生粉尘污染的常见固体散货码头有煤炭码头、矿石码头和水泥码头等,对煤炭、矿石等固体散货码头的起尘影响因素进行了分析,不同货物的种类和粒径、含水率、风力及储存方式等均对港口起尘产生影响,从码头和堆场装卸过程、港口物料输送过程、堆场和港区内道路等角度分别介绍了粉尘污染控制措施,对前沿的防尘方式,如防风网和筒仓的抑尘机理及在国内外的应用情况进行了介绍,并从港口选址、平面布置、管理、监测和科研等角度对港口污染防治提出建议。     

京津冀生态屏障区景观格局变化及其对水源涵养的影响

选择京津冀重要水源涵养区--滦河,潮河和白河流域,通过分析2010与2015年土地利用的变化及景观格局演变,研究该研究区的土地利用转移与景观格局特征的时空分布与变化特点;运用SWAT水文模型模拟分析该时段内研究区的水源涵养量分布与变化;并和降水分布特征进行对比分析.利用偏相关分析法,重点分析了景观格局的变化对水源涵养量的影响.结果表明水源涵养量与PLAND指数相关性为-0.846;与NP指数相关性为-0.635;与LPI指数相关性为0.468;与LSI指数相关性为0.523;与COHESION指数显著相关,相关性为0.918.景观格局和水源涵养量存在以下关系：①景观多样性越高,聚集程度越高,景观形状越复杂,越趋向不规则且优势度越高,越有利于水源涵养;②景观的破碎化程度越高,水源涵养量越低.     

马尾松、湿地松立体经营的试验研究

９８５～１９９３年在浙江省丽水地区进行了马尾松、湿地松与乔、灌、草、菌立体经营的试验研究，结果表明，松林立体经营可取得较好的生态和经济效益。     

Environmental flows and its evaluation of restoration effect based on LEDESS model in Yellow River Delta wetlands

Due to freshwater supplement scarcity and heavy human activities, the fresh water wetland ecosystem in Yellow River Delta is facing disintegrated deterioration, and it is seriously affecting the health of the Yellow River ecosystem. This paper identifies the restoration objectives of wetland aiming to protect ecological and economic values and development as well as the water resources of the Yellow River. The hydraulic and groundwater coupling model and Landscape Ecological Decision and Evaluation Support System (LEDESS) of the Yellow River Delta were established to calculate environmental flows of degraded wetlands. LEDESS is a computer-based model developed and used to assess and evaluate the effects of land-use changes on nature. In this study, LEDESS is used to assess and evaluate the ecological effects and the restoration possibilities considering several environmental flows’ supplement scenarios. This included the changes of suitable habitat conditions and its ecological carrying capacities for indicator species, e.g., Red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis), Oriental stork (Ciconia boyciana), and Saunder’s gull (Larus relictus), and changing of ecological patterns. The results showed that replenishing fresh water to wetlands is one of the effective adaptive measures to mitigate wetland degradation and improve its habitat quality and carrying capacities. This study indicated that landscape ecology approach is not only considered as a good way to solve complex problems in ecosystem management but also can be used to decide on the environmental flows and assess its ecological effects in large-scale wetland rehabilitation. This integrated method could make environmental flows estimated and assessment more rational than the results of hydrologic methods. It could assist decision makers to “see” the ecological effects after water supplementing and so alleviate the contradictions between environmental flows and production water demands, and can facilitate the implementation of environmental flows in most countries with water resources shortage.