Assessing the extinction risk of insular,understudied marine species

Hydrothermal vents are rare deep-sea oases that house faunal assemblages with a similar density of life as coral reefs. Only approximately 600 of these hotspots are known worldwide, most only one-third of a football field in size. With advancing development of the deep-sea mining industry, there is an urgent need to protect these unique, insular ecosystems and their specialist endemic faunas. We applied the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) Red List criteria to assess the extinction risk of vent-endemic molluscs with varying exposure to potential deep-sea mining. We assessed 31 species from three key areas under different regulatory frameworks in the Indian, West Pacific, and Southern Oceans. Three vent mollusc species were also examined as case studies of different threat contexts (protected or not from potential mining) to explore the interaction of local regulatory frameworks and IUCN Red List category assignment. We found that these assessments were robust even when there was some uncertainty in the total range of individual species, allowing assessment of species that have only recently been named and described. For vent-endemic species, regulatory changes to area-based management can have a greater impact on IUCN Red List assessment outcomes than incorporating additional data about species distributions. Our approach revealed the most useful IUCN Red List criteria for vent-endemic species: criteria B and D2. This approach, combining regulatory framework and distribution, has the potential to rapidly gauge assessment outcomes for species in insular systems worldwide.     

控制氧化对湿法烟气脱硫过程的影响研究

在喷射鼓泡反应器上进行了控制氧化对湿法烟气脱硫过程的影响研究,测定了脱硫率η和pH随时间t的变化规律,得出了η与t的回归式及η与pH值的关系规律,讨论了不同曝气强度及抑制剂浓度对CaCO3利用率α、pH值及脱硫率η的影响。实验表明强制氧化及抑制氧化均能提高脱硫效率η及CaCO3利用率α,但对浆液pH值的影响正好相反,强制氧化使浆液pH值下降的更快,而抑制氧化则使浆液pH值有所提高。     

单一重金属污染对水稻叶片光合特性的影响

以杂交稻协优818为材料，研究了Cu^2＋、Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋ 3种重金属离子对水稻叶片光合特性的影响。试验结果表明：（1）Cu^2＋在低浓度时BI起叶片叶绿素含量降低。而Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋在低浓度时。则导致叶绿素含量增加：高浓度时，3种重金属均BI起叶绿素含量降低。同时，低浓度时3种重金属离子均导致叶绿素a／b值升高：高浓度时则均引起叶绿素a／b值下降。（2）Cu^2＋、Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋对水稻叶片叶绿素的吸收光谱均无明显影响，在活体条件下并未发生卟啉环中Mg^2＋的置换。（3）Cu^2＋、Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋均引起叶片希尔反应活力降低，即重金属污染明显影响光合作用。     

长江经济带二氧化碳净排放时空演变特征及脱钩效应

研究区域CO₂净排放,对“碳中和”战略的实现具有重要意义.以长江经济带为例,在揭示1999～2018年长江经济带CO₂净排放时空演变特征的基础上,分析长江经济带不同区域社会发展与CO₂净排放的脱钩效应,以期为差异化区域产业发展和碳减排路径提供支持.结果表明：(1)1999～2012年长江经济带CO₂排放量上升了2 244.23×10⁶ t,碳汇量在研究时间段增长了148.07×10⁶ t;(2)长江经济带呈现“变绿”趋势,2013～2018年中高碳汇量区域(NPP>800 g·m^-2,以C计)面积较1999～2012年上升了23.25%;(3)长江经济带下游经济社会发展与CO₂净排放脱钩效应较强,上、中和下游强脱钩城市占长江经济带强脱钩城市的比例分别为12%、34%和54%.     

Long-term effects of silver nanoparticles on performance of phosphorus removal in a laboratory-scale vertical flow constructed wetland

Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) have been widely used in many fields,which raised concerns about potential threats to biological sewage treatment systems.In this study,the phosphorus removal performance,enzymatic activity and microbial population dynamics in constructed wetlands(CWs) were evaluated under a long-term exposure to Ag NPs(0,50,and 200 μg/L) for 450 days.Results have shown that Ag NPs inhibited the phosphorus removal efficiency in a short-term exposure,whereas caused no obviously negative effects from a long-term perspective.Moreover,in the coexisting CW system of Ag NPs and phosphorus,competition exhibited in the initial exposure phase,however,cooperation between them was observed in later phase.Enzymatic activity of acid-phosphatase at the moderate temperature(10–20°C) was visibly higher than that at the high temperature(20–30℃) and CWs with Ag NPs addition had no appreciable differences compared with the control.High-throughput sequencing results indicated that the microbial richness,diversity and composition of CWs were distinctly affected with the extension of exposure time at different Ag NPs levels.However,the phosphorus removal performance of CWs did not decline with the decrease of polyphosphate accumulating organisms(PAOs),which also confirmed that adsorption precipitation was the main way of phosphorus removal in CWs.The study suggested that Ag NPs and phosphorus could be removed synergistically in the coexistence system.This work has some reference for evaluating the influences of Ag NPs on the phosphorus removal and the interrelation between them in CWs.     

企业节能量计算方法浅析

阐述了企业在实施节能降耗过程中普遍采用的节能量计算方法,对产品单耗节能量和技术措施节能量进行了分析,并对比了采用单耗法和技术措施法计算节能量的适用范围和局限性,指出两种方法对企业的意义,提出了在节能量计算过程中的注意事项和几点认识。     

实时定量RT-PCR方法检测雌二醇诱导原代培养青鳉鱼肝细胞的基因表达

利用原代培养的雄性青鳉鱼肝细胞进行了相同雌二醇(E2)浓度(100 nmol·L-1)下的不同时间(2、4、6、8d)和相同暴露时间(4d)下的不同浓度(1、10、100、1000、10000 nmol·L-1)的雌二醇(E2)实验,采用实时定量RT-PCR方法对青鳉鱼VTG-Ⅰ、VTG-Ⅱ、CHG-H、CHG-L和ERα的基因表达进行了研究,结果表明,VTG-Ⅰ、VTG-Ⅱ、CHG-H、CHG-L和ERα的基因表达与E2的暴露浓度呈现很好的剂量-效应关系,且1nmol·L-1E2暴露就能显著诱导肝细胞内VTG-Ⅰ、VTG-Ⅱ、CHG-H、CHG-L和ERα的基因表达.作为生物监测雌激素活性的in vitro方法,实时定量RT-PCR的灵敏度高于其它已经发表的方法.因此,实时定量RT-PCB方法与原代培养青鳉鱼肝细胞相结合的方法在环境雌激素效应的评价上具有很大地应用潜力.     

多器件联合L波段强电磁脉冲防护模块仿真设计

目的 设计针对L波段射频前端敏感器件的强电磁脉冲防护模块,利用瞬态电压抑制二极管、气体放电管和发夹型微带带通滤波器进行联合仿真设计。方法 瞬态电压抑制二极管具有快速响应时间,气体放电管具有高功率容量,而微带带通滤波器可分离噪声信号,并保留有效信号。通过结合这些器件进行防护设计,可以充分发挥各自优势,提高系统稳定性和强电磁脉冲防护能力。结果 该模块设计工作频段为1.3~ 1.7 GHz,带内插入损耗小于1.5 dB,在70 dBm功率注入的情况下,防护效果可以达到42.5 dB,具有良好的防护效果。结论 通过分析研究不同器件的特性和优化设计,实现了对L波段频谱的防护,具有重要的实用价值和广阔的应用前景。     

海蚀环境下考虑摩擦滑移的桥梁板式橡胶支座老化剪切性能研究∗

板式橡胶支座作为海蚀环境中桥梁结构体系中的重要支撑构件,其摩擦滑移与橡胶老化会影响桥梁结构整体的抗震性能。为了探究海蚀环境下考虑摩擦滑移的桥梁板式橡胶支座老化剪切性能,开展了板式橡胶支座的摩擦滑移试验,并采用有限元方法,分析了橡胶老化对各形状系数的板式橡胶支座的剪切性能和摩擦滑移的影响。 结果表明：①支座的摩擦滑移起始位移随着老化时间的增长和形状系数的增大而不断变大;②随着老化时间的增加,支座通过摩擦滑移消耗的能量也会逐渐增多;③支座的等效黏滞阻尼比随着老化时间和形状系数的增加而变大。海蚀环境会加速板式橡胶支座的老化并影响其剪切性能,因此在海蚀较为严重的地区进行桥梁抗震设计时应考虑支座摩擦滑移及老化对桥梁地震动力响应的影响。     

气候变化和人类活动对伊逊河流域径流变化的影响

借助Mann-Kendall趋势检验和突变检验对气象水文序列进行一致性分析,划分基准期(1961—1979年)和影响期(①1980—1989年、②1990—1999年、③2000—2016年),利用基准期校准的可变下渗容量(VIC)模型,采用步进式方法,探究气候变化和人类活动对伊逊河流域径流变化的波动影响过程。结果表明:研究区近56年年均气温显著升高,年降水量无明显变化趋势,流域年径流量下降趋势明显,季节尺度上流域非汛期降水量增加显著。气候变化和人类活动均会对径流产生显著影响且作用机理复杂,步进式方法对影响机理的研究较传统方法更能体现其变化过程;在降水丰沛的影响②期,冬季降水量增加会显著增加流域径流量,而在降水略少的影响①期和③期,蒸发量增加以及土壤含水量降低使得流域径流减少;人类活动耗水在影响①期和③期引起流域径流减少并且影响作用逐渐增强,影响②期由于城镇化和耕地扩张使得流域产流能力增强导致径流增加。深入研究气候变化和人类活动对径流的影响机制,可为流域水资源管理和规划提供理论依据。